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Opinion Following the money – Irish slave owners in the time of abolition

What happened to slave owners in Ireland after slavery was abolished? They were handsomely compensated.

WHEN THE BRITISH government finally abolished slavery in most of its colonies on 1 August 1834, it paid slave owners over £20 million in compensation for the loss of their “property.” This was around 40% of the government’s annual expenditure. This exceptionally generous payment to so many elite members of the British Establishment (including MPs, Peers and Archbishops) contrasts quite dramatically with the then-ongoing reform of the Poor Laws, which reduced exchequer expenditure on the poor and established the punitive workhouse system as a “deterrent to idleness”.

Daniel O’Connell (an anti-slavery advocate from the 1820s onwards) protested against this compensation payment and requested that the names of those receiving this money be made public. This Parliamentary return (1837-8), which is over 300 pages long, lists the basic information about those who received compensation. Researchers at University College London have studied this parliamentary return along with the full Slave Compensation Records and have created a new online database which reveals that nearly 100 different individuals, either born or based in Ireland, benefited directly from this slave compensation; (compared to circa 36 from Wales, 394 from Scotland and 1,879 from England).

It makes for an interesting read, highlighting the need for further research in this area to shed light on the connections between slave compensation and its impact on Irish society. This article will briefly consider two claims from this list.

Two Irish families that benefited from Slave Compensation

Peter and William Diggs La Touche, private bankers in Dublin, received a payment of nearly £7,000 for their 396 slaves on two plantations in Jamaica. These plantations were previously owned by their relatives who were planters on the island. By 1818 the La Touches owned 500 slaves. That same year, one of their slaves was recorded to have died due to “eating dirt”. The phenomenon of slaves eating dirt was likely due to malnutrition (particularly of protein, calcium and iron) or even suicidal intent. Thus a weakened slave eating mud would have precipitated a quicker death. Many planters of course, did not wish for their “stock” to expire any quicker than was “natural.” As a solution any slaves caught eating dirt, wore “dirt-eater masks.” This method of torture gained the maximum value from their “investment” while prolonging their slave’s suffering.

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We also find some Irish claimants holding a high level of office in the colonies, such as Howe Peter Browne, the 2nd Marquis of Sligo, of Westport House, Co Mayo. In 1809 he inherited slave plantations in Jamaica from his father and he continued to profit from them (a sum of £20,000 per annum) until his appointment as Governor of Jamaica in 1833. Then he submitted a claim for 286 slaves and was awarded £5,525. He was also responsible for overseeing the fraught transition on the island from slavery to apprenticeship.

Apprenticeship meant that former slaves were forced to work for their masters for 40 hours every week for zero pay. In their “free time”, they were allowed to work for wages. When he spoke to the slaves about the upcoming change in the law (from slavery to apprenticeship) his tone was patronising in the extreme.

The way to prove that you are deserving of all this goodness, is by labouring diligently during your apprenticeship. You will, of the first of August next no longer be slaves, but from that day you will be apprenticed to your former owners for a few years, in order to fit you for freedom.

The slave uprising in Jamaica

Browne resigned his post in 1836 due to his dysfunctional relationship with the planter-dominated Jamaica Assembly. To his credit, he had lost their trust when he was perceived to have taken the side of the Missionaries and former slaves during the transition. He also criticised the Assembly for not ending the practise of whipping female slaves despite his own personal protestations.

Sligoville, the first town for freed slaves in Jamaica, was established in 1835 by a Baptist missionary, Rev James Phillippo, and he named the town in honour of Browne. Phillippo also asserts that Browne was the only planter in Jamaica to emancipate his apprentices before full emancipation was made law in 1838. On Emancipation Day in Spanish Town, Jamaica on the 1 August 1834, a silk banner bearing the words “Marquis of Sligo” was among those carried by the celebratory procession through the streets.

Browne is commonly referred to as a “champion” “emancipator” and “protector” of slaves, but this hyperbole stretches the white saviour narrative to its absolute limit. Browne benefited from slavery from the cradle to the grave and did not free his slaves until the institution of slavery was abolished by an act of parliament. His decision to forego apprenticeship (after receiving ample compensation) is to be commended but some perspective is necessary. This tendency to overstate the role of the “white saviour” obscures the resistance to slavery from the slaves themselves.

Samuel Sharpe, a slave and Baptist preacher who led the slave uprising in Jamaica in 1831-1832, is rarely mentioned in the same narrative as the Marquis of Sligo, despite the fact that this rebellion was a major factor in the passing of the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833 and that Sharpe was executed for his efforts. This says much about how those that benefited from slavery choose to remember this crime.

The ‘danger’ of judging slavery?

Upon researching the history of the Atlantic Slave Trade, many examples of the racist logic deployed by supporters and apologists for slavery are encountered. Including claims that slavery was merely a process of “civilising the savages.” Confederate General Robert E Lee wrote that “the painful discipline [slaves] are undergoing, is necessary for their instruction as a race.” These arguments, and there are too many to list here, were nothing more than the rationalisation of self-interest.

Moral relativists refer to the “danger” of judging slavery using today’s ethical norms. This temptation to excuse the crimes of the past with “historical sympathy” is the unconscious perpetuation of the arrogance of the oppressor, that serves to diminish the voices of slavery’s millions of victims.

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Liam Hogan is a librarian and historian. He is a graduate of the University of Limerick and Aberystwyth University and is currently working on his first book, a study of the historical relationship between Limerick and slavery. You can follow him on Twitter@Limerick1914

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    Mute Mr Snuffleupagus
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:19 PM

    Tough shit, Get over it. Should the cops, coffee sellers and caterers, medics, street cleaners, employees of hundreds of other companies that will be both attending and working at the event itself also be able to choose not to turn up? What drivel.

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    Mute Mr Snuffleupagus
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:19 PM

    @Mr Snuffleupagus: and clickbait

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    Mute Benjy Dempsey
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:38 PM

    All workers are entitled to withdraw their labour as they see fit.

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    Mute Daisy Chai NSaw
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:44 PM

    @Benjy Dempsey: The big stars don’t want to touch Trump with a 50 foot pole. It’s telling that performers have to be forced under contract to be in The Donald’s presence.

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    Mute Mr Snuffleupagus
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:46 PM

    @Benjy Dempsey: So you think you can tell your boss you’re not going to work for any reason you like then, Benjy? Right so. Saying so, doesn’t make it so. If you don’t do your job, you get sacked. At least, out there in real world.

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    Mute James Harney
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:59 PM

    Yes I am pretty sure you can’t refuse to provide some one service just because you have a prejudice against them.

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    Mute Shawn O'Ceallaghan
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 6:12 PM

    @benjy are employers entitled to withdraw wor as they see fit?

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    Mute Matt Connolly
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 6:46 PM

    Benji, Wally, bill… Whatever…. You now saying that ni bakery was right to refuse to bake?

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    Mute Joey Westland
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 7:02 PM

    @Mr Snuffleupagus: Another butt-hurt Trump FanBoy.

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    Mute Warthog
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 7:08 PM

    @Benjy Dempsey:
    Of course they can, but if they breach their contract…bye bye or a fine!

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    Mute Benjy Dempsey
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 8:29 PM

    Mr Snuffle, ,You might recall the Luas workers withdrew their labour a while back and not only did they not get sacked they won an 18% pay rise.

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    Mute Billy Larkin
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 8:59 PM

    Thats showbiz baby!

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    Mute stopit
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 6:20 PM

    perfectly fitting for a trump event to have women being forced to do things they don’t want to do.

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    Mute Warthog
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 7:06 PM

    @stopit:
    It’s their job, if they don’t like it leave. Funny how “principles” seem to disappear when there is a threat of the money disappearing! Plenty more waiting to join! Imagine if employees decided whom their company could do business with! Sack em and move on!

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    Mute Benjy Dempsey
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 8:13 PM

    That’s why we have unions. To keep greedy hogs in their place.

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    Mute alphanautica
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:53 PM

    Considering they have performed at Radio City Music Hall in New York since the 1930s, they’re in pretty good shape.

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    Mute Daisy Chai NSaw
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 6:16 PM

    @alphanautica: Great gams, them girls!

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    Mute Daisy Chai NSaw
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:22 PM

    They could do a routine from Hamilton. Or dress as cats and when President Elect Tiny Hands goes for a handshake, there’s a ready made “Pussy Grabbing” headline available for publication. I’m sure the Rockettes have had to deal with many letches in their time, but being forced to do it on an official level is creepy.

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    Mute Tweed Cap
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:31 PM

    Trump will be thinking quietly to himself soooo many pussies and I only have two hands

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    Mute Daisy Chai NSaw
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:36 PM

    @Tweed Cap: Somehow I can see Alec Baldwin dancing with a Rockettes type lineup on SNL in the coming weeks!

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    Mute Eamon Mac Gowan
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 6:01 PM

    @Daisy Chai NSaw: Have you never heard of what Bill Clinton or JFK got up to in The White House?

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    Mute Daisy Chai NSaw
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 6:20 PM

    @Eamon Mac Gowan: Yes. Does whataboutery make Trump less of a pussy grabber?

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    Dec 23rd 2016, 7:09 PM

    @Daisy Chai NSaw:
    Says the QUEEN of whataboutery!!!

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    Dec 23rd 2016, 7:39 PM

    @Warthog: Your mammy’s calling you for your tea. Run along.

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    Mute Neal, not Neil.
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:53 PM

    That’s millenials for you. They think their rights are being trampled on if their employer tells them to do something.

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    Mute The Girl
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:29 PM

    It’s a job, get over it. I don’t like Enda much but hey, he was going to be at my child’s school for something, and on that day I still sent him to school.

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    Mute Joey Westland
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 7:04 PM

    @The Girl: Umm, terrible comparison that makes no sense whatsoever.

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    Mute Eamon Mac Gowan
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 5:59 PM

    If they don’t want to do it, sack em.
    There’s plenty of hot sexy dancers all over America who would love to get that gig.

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    Mute No To Forced Births!
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 6:55 PM

    @Eamon Mac Gowan: Here they are ..

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzgOCR7y0pI

    LOL

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    Mute Joey Westland
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 7:05 PM

    @Eamon Mac Gowan: as if you’d know, LOL!

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    Mute Rosa Parks
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 6:02 PM

    Shows the increasingly unpatriotic tendenies of the Left not just in the US but in the West generally.

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    Mute Donal O'Brien
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 6:20 PM

    Incorrect use of the patriotic, Rosa Parks (if that is your real name).

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    Mute Joey Westland
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 7:05 PM

    @Rosa Parks: Patriotism is a disease of the mind.

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    Mute Timmay Timeo
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 7:00 PM

    They should honour the president erect

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    Mute John Fergus
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 7:49 PM

    Another pure bs lazy journalism propaganda piece. Never let the truth get in the way of a good story.

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    Mute Alex Falcone
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 9:22 PM

    @John Fergus:
    Par for the course at this stage.

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    Mute Alex Falcone
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    Dec 23rd 2016, 9:22 PM

    Actually this has nothing to do with Donald Trump.
    The dancers are in dispute with the owners of the outfit.

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