Advertisement

We need your help now

Support from readers like you keeps The Journal open.

You are visiting us because we have something you value. Independent, unbiased news that tells the truth. Advertising revenue goes some way to support our mission, but this year it has not been enough.

If you've seen value in our reporting, please contribute what you can, so we can continue to produce accurate and meaningful journalism. For everyone who needs it.

Shutterstock/Brendan Delany

The rights of unmarried fathers are being changed – but is it enough?

Unmarried fathers in Ireland need greater clarity when it comes to their rights

MUCH OF THE media attention surrounding the publication of the Children and Family Relationships Bill 2015 on 19 February last rested on same-sex adoption and Artificial Human Reproduction.

The Bill, however, has a much broader focus. It proposes to herald a new era for family law in Ireland. The cornerstone of family law, particularly in relation to issues concerning children has been the Guardianship of Infants Act 1964, which will be amended significantly upon the enactment of the Bill.

There are many positives in this new Bill

There are many positive elements in the Bill such as the best interests of the child being the paramount consideration in all proceedings relating to guardianship, custody and access.

The Bill also provides for enforcement orders in circumstances where one parent “unreasonably” denies custody or access to the other parent. These enforcement orders include the attendance at parenting programmes, family counselling or mediation and the inclusion of compensatory time (extension of periods of access) when access orders are breached.

Further, while the 1964 Act makes provision for the removal of a guardian, the Bill helpfully specifies the circumstances in which a guardian can be removed, for example, if another guardian is being appointed, if existing guardians are unwilling or unable to exercise their guardianship rights or have failed in their duty to that child to such an extent that the welfare and safety of the child is likely to be affected unless removal takes place. This again will provide transparency not only for guardians but for the courts if called to decide on this issue.

Introducing automatic guardianship for non-marital fathers

The legislation will provide for automatic guardianship for non-marital fathers who have lived with the mother of the child for a minimum of 12 months, which period must include three months following the child’s birth.

While welcoming this development, Treoir – the national federation of services for unmarried parents and their children – has reservations as to how cohabitation periods will be verified if parents are in disagreement as to the time they have been living together.

Though this is also an issue that arises in separation and divorce cases, it is resolved at the hearing of the application. If a judge has to determine the length of cohabitation in guardianship cases, it is hardly satisfactory that we have a situation that could potentially increase the volume of guardianship cases going to court. While the issue of time limits is being resolved, the unmarried father will be unable to make important decisions around the child’s life. This is not in keeping with the ethos of the Bill.

This allows cohabiting fathers to become guardians – but what about fathers who live separately? 

The Bill also seeks to recognise the new concept of family in modern Ireland by proposing that the court may appoint persons who have acted in loco parentis (eg, step- parents, grandparents, etc) as guardians, with the consent of existing guardians. Treoir is concerned that if the unmarried father is not a guardian there will be no requirement to consult him. He will, however, be given notice of any application for guardianship of his child.

While amendments to the Guardianship of Infants Act 1964 thus far have improved the position of the unmarried father in Ireland by providing that he can apply to court for guardianship or acquire guardianship by signing a Statutory Declaration for Joint Guardianship jointly with the mother, this Bill goes a step further.

It permits cohabiting fathers to become guardians subject to cohabitation conditions; however, the Bill does not provide for unmarried fathers who do not live with the mother of their child but may have a strong relationship with the child. In such circumstances, the old regime applies in that such a father will have to apply to court or gain agreement of the mother to sign a Statutory Declaration for Joint Guardianship.

Putting both parents’ names on their child’s birth certificate 

We are delighted that at the report stage of the Bill on 12 March, following pressure by Treoir and many deputies, the Minister for Justice and Equality Frances Fitzgerald amended the Bill to facilitate unmarried parents signing a statutory Declaration for Joint Guardianship at the point of birth registration. This dovetails well with the Civil Registration (Amendment) Act 2014 which, when commenced, will make it compulsory for both parents’ names to be entered on the child’s birth certificate, with a number of exceptions.

It appears that when an unmarried couple register the birth of their child, they will be given a statutory Declaration for Joint Guardianship to sign. They can sign at that point or within 14 days of the birth registration and the Registrar will witness the signing of the declaration. The advantage of the acquisition of guardianship at the point of birth registration is that the parents do not have to satisfy a cohabitation period of one year. It is a matter of regret to Treoir that there is no duty on the Registrar to record this information.

Creating a central register for guardianship agreements?

Since the introduction of the Children’s Act 1997 an unmarried father can become a guardian if he signs a Statutory Declaration jointly with the mother. There is nowhere to file the forms and thus, in the event of a dispute between the parents, or the document being mislaid or destroyed, an unmarried father has no evidence of his guardianship and as a result will not be in a position to make major decisions in relation to his child.

For almost two decades there has been much criticism of the lack of a central register for joint guardianship agreements. Both the Oireachtas Committee on Justice, Defence and Equality and the Law Reform Commission have recommended the introduction of such a register.

While the Minister did not commit to the provision of a central register for guardianship agreements, she did agree to the commissioning of a report on the feasibility of such a register. Treoir would like this to be embedded in the legislation. Perhaps consideration will be given to doing so at Seanad stage.

A more child-centred approach

All of the issues raised above have the potential to affect relationships in the future. The Bill attempts to support a more child-centred approach in deciding issues of guardianship.

The amendment at the report stage last week will assist unmarried parents to become joint guardians more easily and will also alert them to the fact that the father, who is unmarried, is not an automatic guardian of his child.

An unmarried father can acquire guardianship in one of several ways – by signing a Statutory Declaration and having it witnessed by the Registrar at birth registration (or within 14 days); by the parents living together for 1 year, 3 months of which must be post birth; by both parents signing a Statutory Declaration at a later stage of the child’s life, in the presence of a peace commissioner or commissioner for oaths; or by application to the court to be appointed a guardian. The ideal is that court should be the last resort.

Whether these different options will provide clarity or cause confusion awaits to be seen but there is an onus on all concerned to provide information to parents at the earliest stage possible. Treoir has been committed to doing so for the last 39 years and will continue to do so in the future.

Dr Anne Egan is a member of the National Council of Treoir. Her doctoral research, awarded by NUI Galway was in the area of fathers’ rights. 

Readers like you are keeping these stories free for everyone...
A mix of advertising and supporting contributions helps keep paywalls away from valuable information like this article. Over 5,000 readers like you have already stepped up and support us with a monthly payment or a once-off donation.

Author
View 43 comments
Close
43 Comments
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Aileen Ryan
    Favourite Aileen Ryan
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 11:05 PM

    Sex offenders should not be out on bail to begin with !!!!

    246
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Stephen Fitzpatrick
    Favourite Stephen Fitzpatrick
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 9:35 AM

    When the question of bail arises, they have not yet been found guilty of being a sex offender.

    79
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Martin Bishop
    Favourite Martin Bishop
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 12:13 PM

    But everyone is innocent until proven guilty in a court of law,

    If you are going to assume all people accused of a sex offense are 100% guilty and should not be out on bail then the exact same must be applied to all other crimes.

    27
    See 3 more replies ▾
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute The Throwaway
    Favourite The Throwaway
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 12:37 PM

    What needs to happen is a greater robustness to bail applications. As it stands, it is extremely difficult to have an accused persons bail rejected. Worse still is there is very very, very limited means with which the Gardai can object. If there was a robust, hearing-like procedure that the Gardai could argue freely that an accused should not be out on bail, then society as whole would benefit.

    14
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Aileen Ryan
    Favourite Aileen Ryan
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 1:03 PM

    If some body is charged with sexual offences there is obviously some evidence against them I for one would certainly sleep better at night knowing some body that has been charged with a sexual offence is behind bars and not walking the streets on bail to reoffend.

    8
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute The Throwaway
    Favourite The Throwaway
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 1:22 PM

    For the most part the fact that you are before a court on a serious offence like a sexual offence means that the Gardai believe there is ample evidence to mount a prosecution, and in turn that the DPP have reviewed that same evidence and similarly believe that there is sufficient evidence to sustain an allegation of a sexual offence.

    The problem lies in the nature of bail applications; Gardai are practically hamstrung from saying anything incriminating. There are sever restrictions on what you can say to a judge in respect of objecting to bail of an accused. Even if you have previous convictions, only specific and certain previous convictions can be told to a court in respect to bail.
    Whether it is intended or not, a decision has been made in the legal system that the presumption of innocence (in respect to bail) is absolute, even where there might well be a crystal clear danger to society.
    I personally believe that a separate judge, and separate case is heard for bail. Gardai should be allowed to state to a court without prejudice to a case that a person is a risk to society and deserves to have their bail denied. Some will argue that is a step too far though.

    10
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Paul Roche
    Favourite Paul Roche
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 8:37 PM

    “He said that video links could be used to reduce the amount of time gardaí spend waiting in court.”

    I’d have thought it was obvious, but video links would reduce the amount of time everybody spends in court.
    As far as the law is concerned, if the Gardaí are not prosecuting, they are witnesses like any other in any case.

    102
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute AlanHarte
    Favourite AlanHarte
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 10:42 PM

    Re the witnesses point, what relevance is that? Video link isn’t used for witnesses except in rare occasions where they can’t attend as, for example, they’re overseas. It’s not used as a matter of routine.

    53
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Alien8
    Favourite Alien8
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 8:57 AM

    Can we also use video links to avoid wasting the day in court on things like traffic violations? Had to go to court once to discuss why I got a summons for someone else’s car, spent the whole day there and the guard didn’t turn up – every one of his cases struck out. Joke system.

    72
    See 1 more reply ▾
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute The Throwaway
    Favourite The Throwaway
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 12:39 PM

    Also to bear in mind: video link is only acceptable if the accused and the defence want it. If they don’t want a video link then everyone else has to turn up. Similarly, if the judge is amenable to video link there is more likelihood of it going ahead.
    The Garda in court only gets told where to go, they don’t get a say in whether video should be used or not.

    6
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Glen
    Favourite Glen
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 8:42 PM

    They will probably bring in microchipping for sex offenders which would be met with very little resistance.

    90
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Glen
    Favourite Glen
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 9:22 AM

    This was a half baited comment.
    Had I approached microchipping from a conspiracy view I would of been called a nut job. ” the chip” doesn’t exist, tin foil hat and all that
    Yes they will use sex offenders as a way of rolling them out further but the problem is there isn’t enough IPv4 address to accommodate everyone. When IPv6 completely takes over which will be at least another 10 years then you will see a chipped population to keep us safe from those terrorists.

    7
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Sean Smith
    Favourite Sean Smith
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 9:48 AM

    Glen they already track everything we do. Our phones tell them where we are, who we are calling. The internet tells them what we are buying, who we are talking to, what we are interested in, where we are etc.

    19
    See 2 more replies ▾
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute little jim
    Favourite little jim
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 9:49 AM

    Nut job.

    31
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Glen
    Favourite Glen
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 9:51 AM

    I’m aware of that Sean.

    3
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Eugene Walsh
    Favourite Eugene Walsh
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 8:32 PM

    I’m tired of hearing about gardai.
    If they’d routinely and regularly enforce the laws we already have, well that would be just great.
    Ask em to sign for a passport and you’re met with a snarl! !

    66
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Al Beebak
    Favourite Al Beebak
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 8:58 PM

    If Gardai were to strictly enforce every single law available to them we would become a very unhappy nation very quickly.

    302
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Eugene Walsh
    Favourite Eugene Walsh
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 9:42 PM

    Discretion is to be applied certainly but for decades they let people off scot free for speeding and other road offences.
    That’s wholly unacceptable and too bad for the poor folk who are not “connected” to the system.

    34
    See 1 more reply ▾
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute youknowimright
    Favourite youknowimright
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 9:33 AM

    Did you know the person who snarled at you?? I’m sure it says on the passport application that you are supposed to. Did they sign it anyway once they were satisfied who you were?

    64
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Colm Flaherty
    Favourite Colm Flaherty
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 8:54 AM

    PULSE is what happens when you throw money at civil servants to become programmers.

    Plenty of good solutions in, (and Irish heads working for) the tech industry, both here & in California. Cheaper too!

    63
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute RealCorkLanger
    Favourite RealCorkLanger
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 9:38 AM

    It was actually made by Accenture I think, not by civil servants

    67
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Mary Lyons
    Favourite Mary Lyons
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 9:38 AM

    They can stick all the Pulse computers in storage with the voting machines. They will get a good rate!

    13
    See 6 more replies ▾
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute SteoG
    Favourite SteoG
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 9:38 AM

    PULSE is a secondhand system purchased from a US police force.

    24
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Col de Gal
    Favourite Col de Gal
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 10:19 AM

    PULSE is the work of Anderson Consulting, nowadays known as Accenture. They are not public servants, not cheap, and have offices in California too if that’s the sort of thing that impresses you.

    46
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Charles Mcdonald
    Favourite Charles Mcdonald
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 11:11 AM

    No other force had pulse. From what I believe police in NZ use a very simular type system. It’s not really outdated…… could probably use facelift to modernise a part of it. Don’t hear guards complaining about it being outdated. Oh facelift here slow speeds there I can see it being administered badly as it’s civil service run.

    9
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute John R
    Favourite John R
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 12:03 PM

    Charles Pulse is not run by civil servants. The running is largely outsourced to the private sector. All garda ICT needs to be examined in the round in order to determine what the best solution. PULSE may be their biggest system but it is only one of their ICT systems. It’s also a large and complex system so replacement will not be a cheap option.

    12
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Charles Mcdonald
    Favourite Charles Mcdonald
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 12:11 PM

    Well then why replace. Why not earmark improvements and release and updated system. Cheap and ticks the boxes

    1
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute The Throwaway
    Favourite The Throwaway
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 12:46 PM

    PULSE is outdated and outmoded. At least that’s one of the newer technologies in use. The dispatch system in use for Dublin is from the early 1970′s. Those who know DOS would be well able to use it.

    Gardai have long asked for better IT infrastructure, it’s one of the main causes of the widespread use of mobile phones by Gardai: the phones do more than the equipment given. Only in the last 5 years has an actual purpose built radio communication system been put in place (and even still, TETRA is an 1989 technology, prevalent in police use by 1995-2000, and only relatively new in Ireland).

    8
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Snorre N Skalagrimmerson
    Favourite Snorre N Skalagrimmerson
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 9:40 PM

    Anomolies in the penalty points system…..bent cops fire them that simple!

    47
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Kerry Blake
    Favourite Kerry Blake
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 8:32 PM

    Scrap “Pulse” some one remind me just what that system cost? Can we recover the cost from those who recommend the system?

    44
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Jane Travers
    Favourite Jane Travers
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 10:08 PM

    In fairness it’s what, 20 years old? No-one expects tech to stay current for that long.

    140
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Kerry Blake
    Favourite Kerry Blake
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 10:51 PM

    Jane it was never current part of it’s problem.

    56
    See 5 more replies ▾
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Jane Travers
    Favourite Jane Travers
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 10:59 PM

    I’ll give you that, Kerry.

    31
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Kerry Blake
    Favourite Kerry Blake
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 11:32 PM

    And we the “tax payers” paid for a system that was not current or could be upgraded. Who approved that purchase I wonder?

    42
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Charles Mcdonald
    Favourite Charles Mcdonald
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 11:16 AM

    Jenny I was using windows xp till last year. I upgraded because software was no longer supported for dx11 applications I run.

    Now olif I could run what I want in the quality I want I’d still be using xp. Just because something is old does not mean it’s bad. I’m sure many would take xp over windows 8.

    That’s the same with pulse system. If it ain’t broke don’t fix. If there is something then address that in a new update.

    10
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Charles Mcdonald
    Favourite Charles Mcdonald
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 11:22 AM

    Now if *****

    Sorry stubby fingers small touchscreen :)

    1
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute John R
    Favourite John R
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 12:09 PM

    Kerry get a grip. You don’t replace large complex corporate systems because the are “not current” (whatever the hell that means in ICT terms). You replace them because they no longer meet your evolving business needs. As I read it that is what is being said in the article. Large business systems are not equivalent to home users. If they work you use the system and you upgrade it as needed. That is what they did with Pulse and rightly so. The cost of replacing very large business systems to keep them “current” would be phenomenal and incredibly complex. Nobody in the public or private sector replaces ICT systems and enters into such a massive project lightly. It is very expensive and very resource intensive and the projects frequently go wrong!. If it ain’t broke don’t fix it. Pulse is not broken but it may not longer be suitable for the business needs of the Garda Síochána. If so a new system will have to be considered.

    8
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Snorre N Skalagrimmerson
    Favourite Snorre N Skalagrimmerson
    Report
    Jan 14th 2015, 9:42 PM

    Subpeona Gemma O’Dogherty…..and ask why she was sacked……then open can of worms.

    44
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Charles Mcdonald
    Favourite Charles Mcdonald
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 12:12 PM

    Ya wha?

    3
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Ger
    Favourite Ger
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 6:19 AM

    Sex offenders are monitored by the Garda whilst on bail. When they are convicted of a sex offence they are required to sign on at their local station, providing they are not immediately jailed for the offence. Sometimes the judge will defer sentencing until he/she has probation or victim impact reports to hand. But the offender is required to be subjected to the sex offenders act while waiting on bail to be sentenced.
    People who are going through the courts procedure and are on bail but have not yet convicted are not required to be monitored as per the sex offenders act because “innocent until proven guilty”. So im not sure what changes they are requesting…..

    32
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Jonathan Bambury
    Favourite Jonathan Bambury
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 9:17 AM

    If you belive that system works you my friend have blinkers and ear muffs on

    25
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Ger
    Favourite Ger
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 3:53 PM

    I never said what I believe regarding whether or not it works…..I just said that monitoring does happen while on bail, the article said it doesn’t.

    4
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute #Wynner
    Favourite #Wynner
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 8:15 AM

    Compulsory ankle tags ? Or do we even have them ?

    23
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Mike Brennan
    Favourite Mike Brennan
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 10:47 AM

    Software and technology dates. So what? Look at the evolvement of Microsoft Windows and Office since the nineties for example. There’s only so much future proofing one can do and there’s always something better down the tracks. I’m sure Pulse must have been a huge leap for the Gardai, at least compared to what technology they had at the time.

    16
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute WibblyWobblyWonder
    Favourite WibblyWobblyWonder
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 9:15 AM

    They should download the New Garda App. It’s free on Google Play!

    13
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Conor Power
    Favourite Conor Power
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 11:26 AM

    Pulse is just a database at the end of the day. Ideally a new database can be devised and the data lifted and shifted, happens all the time in industry. The cost of hardware is also much reduced now and thin client tech with encrypted connections are in common use. IF properly planned by competent contractors it could be done in a short space of time. Can’t see it happening though.

    9
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute John R
    Favourite John R
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 12:22 PM

    Conor, it can’t be done in a short space of time. Pulse is not just a database. There are databases and there are databases! Pulse is one of the largest and most complex databases in the state. If you wish to replace Pulse then you will have to determine what are your current and emerging business needs and what system design,architecture and software may be suitable to deliver those needs. Then you have to design and run a public tender competition under EU law (minimum realistically of one year from start to award from the time the completed tender is placed in the public domain). Pulse is also linked to other Garda ICT systems and all these will have to be factored into the new design. The design of the database will also be dependent on the business users (the Garda Síochána) determining what are their current and emerging business needs. This can be assisted by competent ICT professionals but it cannot be done by contractors unless you want to be “captured” by those contractors who will design something that they can deliver. Hardware is not the issue. The design and software is the issue. This takes time. I know of nobody in the ICT domain who embarks on a major nation wide ICT project of this nature acting on the presumption that it is easy and can be done in a short space of time. It is complex and it will take time. That time scale from design to award to implementation would probably be at least three years if you want to do this correctly and recognising the complexity of Pulse, a database that has been constantly amended with numerous other add ons over a long period of time.

    6
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute The Throwaway
    Favourite The Throwaway
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 12:50 PM

    I agree with everything you said there, but I’d add that hardware is an issue. One of the reasons why the PULSE system is so secure is that it is so rudimentary primitive in its hardware. I’d say a modern tech company would be very hard pushed to have the expertise of yeateryear around to deal with it. Never mind upgrading it!

    Still no reason not to upgrade it though!

    2
    See 2 more replies ▾
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Conor Power
    Favourite Conor Power
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 1:32 PM

    There are data models and information exchange models available from national and international law enforcement agencies. Sure there will be an element of localisation and interaction design specific to AGS but they they have plenty of existing models to work with.

    Revising the system would be a good opportunity to have seamless Interoperability with Interpol:

    http://www.interpol.int/INTERPOL-expertise/Databases

    You would not be upgrading Pulse at this stage – you would devise a completely new system and migrate the data.

    2
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Paul Ó Duḃṫaiġ
    Favourite Paul Ó Duḃṫaiġ
    Report
    Jan 17th 2015, 8:44 AM

    They can always virtualise the hardware, the bulk of the Pulse system from what I recall is based around Windows NT4. Do a p2v (physical to virtual) conversion of backend infrastructure and if needs be virtualise the terminals.

    1
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Kal Ipers
    Favourite Kal Ipers
    Report
    Jan 15th 2015, 12:18 PM

    IT systems do what they designed to do. Consulting firms will do what they are asked to. The ultimate goal of such consultancies is to make money not solve your problems.
    They start off with a tender with a cheap price knowing you haven’t scoped the product correctly. Then the charge a lot for all the extra work they knew you would need.
    The people who make the decisions on which tender to accept generally have no knowledge of IT and don’t understand their own experts recommendations. They tend to take the cheapest from a well known firm. Then costs spiral as modification has to happen.
    It isn’t just civil service this happens in RBS did the same which caused their system to crash. I have seen this happen in lots of companies and one consultancy is notorious for this and I have watched them do it. What is worse is it is predictable.
    Pulse could have been future proofed but was old from the start

    6
    Install the app to use these features.
    Mute Michael Sands
    Favourite Michael Sands
    Report
    Jan 16th 2015, 6:13 PM

    It has no pulse then???

    1
Submit a report
Please help us understand how this comment violates our community guidelines.
Thank you for the feedback
Your feedback has been sent to our team for review.
JournalTv
Video Player is loading.
Current Time 0:00
Duration 0:00
Loaded: 0%
Stream Type LIVE
Remaining Time 0:00
 
1x
    • descriptions off, selected
    • captions off, selected
      Next upNext up: https://videoplayer.thejournal.ie/dk0zjpaml/video/upload/v1/cloudfn/articles-with-overlays/v1/thescore/landscape/6768206__6768185__6768131__6768044__6768034__6768030
      News in 60 seconds