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IT IS THE sixth day of the Easter Rising and the rebel headquarters at the GPO has been destroyed.
Outnumbered by more than 10:1 by the British troops, the leaders must now decide whether to surrender or to keep fighting against the odds.
To mark the centenary of 1916, TheJournal.ie is documenting the events of the Rising as they happened. Each day this week, you can follow what happened during one of the defining events of Ireland’s history. You can catch up here on what happened on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, and you can see all our sources here.
As ever, we want to hear from you. Let us know your thoughts in the comments below, tweet us @thejournal_ie, send a mail to news@thejournal.ie or send a telegram to The Journal, Golden Lane, Dublin 8.
Good morning everyone and thanks for sticking with us as we cover what’s happening around Dublin and parts of the country. It’s Amy Molloy here on liveblog duty.
Here is what has happened since last night:
The GPO has been completely evacuated after it collapsed late last night. Only the external shell remains of the building.
The rebels have set up a new headquarters at 16 Moore Street.
James Connolly remains badly wounded.
A family was gunned down on Moore Street this morning as they abandoned a burning building close to the new rebel headquarters, raising concerns among the rebels about civilian deaths.
The rebels from the GPO who moved to Plunkett’s butcher shop at 16 Moore Street are reported to be exhausted. Some are barely able to stand. However, despite this, they are believed to be planning some kind of attack which will act as a diversion and allow some of them to make a break for the Four Courts, where they can join up with the rebels there.
Most of the rebels in the five remaining outposts appear to be unaware that their headquarters in the GPO has fallen.
The British cut off communications from the GPO on Thursday, leaving the Volunteers in the Four Courts, Boland’s Mill, the Jacob’s factory, the South Dublin Union and the Royal College of Surgeons isolated from what has been happening at the GPO.
The Four Courts continues to hold firm, as does the South Dublin Union. At the Jameson distillery on Marrowbone Lane nearby, the rebels are reported to be planning a ceilí for tomorrow night to celebrate the garrison’s success.
Rebels have shot a number of British troops on top of the Bridewell police station.
The troops had been drawn into a trap and captured outside Reilly’s pub at the corner of North King Street and Church Street, near the back of the Four Courts. They were marched down Church Street by the rebels before being brought to the roof of the RIC police station at the Bridewell.
A group of rebels have been holding British troops at bay from the pub – which has been nicknamed ‘Reilly’s Fort’ since yesterday. The area around North King Street has been the scene of intense fighting and casualties are high – and continuing to mount.
The body of a 15-year-old girl has been found on Henry Place, between the GPO and Moore Street.
The girl, Bridget McKane, is believed to have accidentally been shot in the head late last night when a rebel’s rifle was discharged as the Volunteers fled from the GPO. Bridget was the daughter of a labourer and was from a family of nine children who lived on Henry Place. Her mother was with her when she died.
The rebels involved are believed to have been deeply traumatised by the incident.
Update from Moore Street: A team of around 20 men, led by Seán McLoughlin just tried to create a diversion to allow the other rebels from the GPO garrison to make a run for the Four Courts.
The group got to the end of Moore Street, but were forced to come back to headquarters.
While on Moore Street, McLoughlin saw the dead body of The O’Rahilly, who was shot dead last night as he led a diversionary charge against a British barricade so other rebels could escape from the GPO. McLoughlin and his men covered O’Rahilly’s body and returned to 16 Moore Street.
Dublin Fire Brigade has been working day and night over the past six days, treating people from both sides.
We have been given access to the DFB logbook, which shows the high volume of incidents:
British troops are reported to have taken Reilly’s Fort – the pub at the corner of North King Street, which had been keeping the soldiers at bay.
Pearse has told Sean McLoughlin to order a ceasefire among all Volunteers on Moore Street.
The rebel leaders are reportedly concerned about the loss of civilian life if they make another attempt to move everyone to the Four Courts.
There are bloody scenes near the back of the Four Courts. It appears British soldiers have bayoneted or shot 15 innocent men who they mistook for rebels while searching houses on North King Street.
BREAKING: Sources in Moore Street tell us rebel leaders have just held a vote on whether to continue fighting or to surrender – and have made the decision to surrender.
This hand-written note from Pádraig Pearse, written on a piece of cardboard taken from a picture frame, records the decision to seek surrender terms to prevent further slaughter of the civilians in the area.
British soldiers have started to gather around Jacob’s factory close to Aungier Street, and civilians have been evacuated from their homes in the surrounding area.
BREAKING: The rebels have surrendered.
In the last few minutes, a nurse called Elizabeth O’Farrell has left 16 Moore Street carrying a white flag.
She has carried the flag to the British barricade at the bottom of Moore Street on Parnell Street. Reports say that she has been taken to a shop on Parnell Street and is awaiting the arrival of General Lowe from the British Army.
O’Farrell was one of three Cumann na mBan members who stayed with the Volunteers in the move from the GPO to Moore Street.
It appears the fighting has officially ended. However, many rebel positions still have not received their order to surrender and gunfire is still taking place around the city.
Rebels are still holding out at North Brunswick Street and Church Street, where they have launched a counter-attack against the British troops in the area.
The Lord Lieutenant General of Ireland has issued a proclamation saying that martial law remains in place in Dublin.
Rebels in the College of Surgeons are running out of food, and a foraging party has been spotted searching the nearby streets for food, led by Countess Markievicz and Margaret Skinnider.
General Lowe arrives at the shop on Parnell Street to meet Elizabeth O’Farrell. He tells her he wants an unconditional surrender from Pearse within the next 30 minutes.
While we await an update on the surrender, news is coming in of yet more civilian casualties. Dr James Ryan, who is in charge of the rebels’ medical unit, tells us he saw three elderly men with white flags in their hands lying dead on the footpath on Moore Street.
Nurse O’Farrell went back to the rebels with General Lowe’s message, and has now returned to Lowe with a note. Lowe has reportedly told her once again that he wants an unconditional surrender in the next 30 minutes led by Pearse and Connolly.
If that doesn’t happen, Lowe says that hostilities will resume.
BREAKING: The rebels from the GPO garrison have left 16 Moore Street and Pádraig Pearse, James Connolly and Thomas MacDonagh have signed an unconditional surrender.
James Connolly has been carried out of Moore Street on a stretcher due to his leg injury and is being brought to the military hospital in Dublin Castle.
This photograph shows Pádraig Pearse on the right surrendering to General Lowe. Nurse O’Farrell can be seen just behind Pearse.
Pearse’s note of surrender reads as follows:
In order to prevent further slaughter of the civil population and in the hope of saving the lives of our followers, the members of the Provisional Government present at headquarters have decided on an unconditional surrender, and commandants or officers commanding districts will order their commands to lay down arms.
P.H. Pearse, Dublin 29th April 1916.
The note from James Connolly says that he agrees to the conditions for members of the Irish Citizen Army based in the Moore Street District and in Stephen’s Green.
General Lowe has now signed a document acknowledging the surrender.
The document says that rebels can hand themselves in tomorrow – but warns that it is “imperative” for them to hand in their arms at the time of surrender.
The GPO rebels are being brought into the gardens beside the Rotunda maternity hospital where they are under armed guard by British troops.
Elizabeth O’Farrell has been ordered to bring the surrender orders to the other outposts around the city, accompanied by a priest.
The job is a dangerous one: there is still a lot of gunfire around the remaining outposts.
Rebels at the South Dublin Union off James’ Street have reluctantly laid down weapons.
Commandant Michael Mallin and Countess Markievicz have surrendered Stephen’s Green and the Royal College of Surgeons.
Across the city, rebels are being rounded up and arrested. This photograph shows one rebel being taken to Dublin Castle by soldiers.
Pictures have been coming in which show the extent to which the GPO has been damaged.
While the outer shell of the building remains intact, the interior has been almost completely destroyed by a combination of shelling and fire.
The garrison at Boland’s mill and bakery at Grand Canal Dock has surrendered.
Rebels at the Four Courts have also surrendered, and have started handing their weapons through the railings to the Dublin Fusiliers.
The men there were reported to be stunned when they received the order to surrender. Some argued that they should continue to hold the Four Courts, but in the end they have complied with the order.
A ceasefire has begun on North Brunswick Street, brokered by a pair of priests while rebels wait for the official order to surrender.
Rebels have been turning up to Sackville Street to surrender. One witness has described the rebels as looking “filthy, exhausted but intensely proud.”
The fighting over the past week has taken a heavy toll: 362 people have died since Monday as a direct result of the rebellion.
That figure is likely to rise over the coming days and weeks as some of those seriously injured succumb to their wounds, or if the British, as is being rumoured, go ahead with the executions of some of those involved in the Rising.
Here is a breakdown of the 362 people who have died:
184 of the people who died were civilians – the most of any group.
107 of the people who died were in the British Army.
58 of the people who died were rebels.
13 of the people who died were policemen.
Almost one in five of the people killed were under the age of 19.
Today has been the single worst day for fatalities, with a total of 78 deaths.
With that, we will close this liveblog. Thank you to everyone who has used it as a source of information over the past six days.
In that time, a group of around 1,400 rebels tried and ultimately failed to hold off an army which, at times, outnumbered them by more than 10 to 1. The group was a motley one: a mixture of socialists and moderates; Catholics, Protestants and atheists; poets, teachers, union organisers, accountants, actors and salesmen. The one thing they had in common was their belief that Ireland should be ruled by Ireland.
It has been a bloody six days – you can see the number of fatalities above. We do not yet know the fate of the rebel leaders. Instead, we will leave the final words to Pádraig Pearse, who issued the following words from the GPO yesterday morning, just hours before it collapsed:
“If we accomplish no more than we have accomplished I am satisfied. I am satisfied that we have saved Ireland’s honour.
“For my part, as to anything I have done in this, I am not afraid to face either the judgment of God or the judgment of posterity”.
The 16 leaders who were executed.
From top left: Roger Casement; Éamonn Ceannt; Thomas Clarke; Con Colbert; James Connolly; Edward Daly; Seán Heuston; Thomas Kent; John MacBride; Seán Mac Diarmada; Thomas MacDonagh; Michael Mallin; Michael O’Hanrahan; Pádraig Pearse; William Pearse; Joseph Plunkett.
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I think that a good place to start is to drop ‘we’ from the discussion. This masks the huge difference in the lives led by people during the time you are talking about. Everybody did not live the same way, did not share the same values, did not respond the same way and did not benefit equally or in the same way.
I think Mr Bonham is completely full of sh1t, but has fallen across a way of selling it to the gullible – “performance psychologist” yeah, right! lol
If people want to understand how ‘we’, as in ‘Western civilisation’ got here in ‘psychological’ terms I recommend Adam Curtis’ 4 part series for the BBC ‘Century of the Self’ (try archive.org) charting the influence of the inventor of the term ‘PR’ (because in his own words, the word ‘propaganda’ had ‘connotations’…) – one Edward Bernays, a nephew of Freud. Modern media & the ‘marketing’ of everything from cigarettes to politicians can be traced back to Bernays & his followers. Curtis tells the story.
To accompany that, read Daniel Kahneman’s book ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’.
Absorb all that & your bullsh1tometer will be fully functional ;)
WE didn’t accept anything the government did, but WE pay for it.
“in search of power and status”.
That made it difficult to read on.
Anyway, we’re all a slave to someone or something.
But WE democratically elected the previous & current governments to act on our behalf.
implicitly we did accept it, there was no massive movement against the government after signing the bank agreement. If we have not accepted it, then why did we vote Fine Gael into government, under the policy of ‘repaying our debts’. Of course we accepted as a collective, if not the resistance would have formed and an alternative form of government sought, though as a collective we are terrified of other forms of government, because it goes against the statues quo, we can’t be having the now can we
Yes, but our democracy is broken.
And “we” did nothing when they pushed the bank guarantee through.
No bankers held responsible yet..it will go like the horse meat in our food scandal..ppffftttt….never happened.move along.
Huge mortgages we’ll never clear Our government and have sold us and our children into bondage
Funnily enough I have no debt but 80K in savings. I must have missed this collective behaviour.
Aren’t ya a great lad Thomas, Maybe you could buy some cop on with your 80K.
It could be argued that if what he says is true he has more cop on than most in many respects.
He’s an awful arse to be bragging about it though. What is it they say? Empty vessels make the most noise?
Please can somebody explain why ‘struggling workers’ will vote Michael Lowry to a majority in the next election.
Sadly gombeenisn is alive and well in some parts of the country, irrespective of whether the economy is in bust or boom!!
Meath east.
I hate gombeenism as much as the next man,but have you ever spoken to anyone from his constituency? They absolutely love him because he ‘fixes’ things. It’s hard to blame people for that.
Tipp North. The capital of gombeenism!!
Can he fix himself, there’s a question.
You can red thumb me all you want but I’m afraid it’s the sad truth of politics in Ireland today. People, especially in sone rural areas feel disconnected from main stream party politicians, they vote for the Jack-the-lad who can pull strokes for them.
Noonan/ bilderberg cronie, sold the bank debt , so as it could become the debt of the Irish taxpayer.
He then introduced new taxes, to punish the Irish people.
Then , the coalition partners, (that pertain to stand up for the working man) allowed Fine Gael to rescind the law , allowing banks to take a family home off a struggling worker.
(Increase taxes to bail out the banks…..
Struggling workers paying more taxes to support newly unemployed & bail out banks.
Struggling worker, can no longer pay mortgage. (Bailed out bank takes house) Bank wins…. On all counts!!!!!
A little simplistic there mate….alot of “struggling workers” were only too happy to take giant mortgages to buy houses and cars to impress the other “struggling workers” trying to do the same.
Don’t forget we are a young nation – learning a very harsh lesson like alot of nations before us.
I know a lot of people that just wanted a home..
They didn’t exceed 250-300k on a mortgage.
They bought in areas that may have been a little let down over the years, but they got a mortgage within their means…
Now with the added taxes, that mortgage is an increasing strain, due to revenue taxes etc.
eventually there will be a default.
Increase on social housing budget, = more taxes. More taxes, more default…..
The current govt, are more concerned about the banks being back to profit, rather than , doing what they were elected for….. “REPRESENT THE IRISH PEOPLE” ..
This is the key point about the current situation. Many people, myself included, we’re well within our means and capable of paying; it was the government’s blanket guarantee for the banks and the resulting tax increases that caused this problem for many homeowners, not spending beyond our means. I think you’ll find it was banks and bondholders that did that.
These articles drive me nuts. The only thing the Celtic Tiger did was the same as any cat. Took everything he could and then before he left to eat at someone else’s table he shit on the doorstep!
I pay a fortune in taxes and the new hidden taxes, my house cost me €167k because I waited and didn’t jump in to a market that was going nuts. What did I get? An equal share in the debts some other shower of bankers (spelled with a W of course) ran up.
Sometimes I wonder is the whole austerity thing a massive construct ! I could be here for hrs goin into that one but you either get me or don’t!
However during the madness of the boom I often heard it said ” sher weren’t we happier when we had nothin in this country” . Well now we got jack so be happy ;)
We truly live in the Matrix.
We have no idea how the money system works – this information is intentionally hidden from us.
We are fed rubbish catch phrases like “Lehmans, pillar banks, banking gambling debts, bailouts” when all these banking collapses are 100% planned to cover up a transient wealth you never received.
And by the way, most of the international news you read is absolute crap – privately owned and filtered to cloak their power and wealth lust adventures and atrocities.
Make sure you sedate yourselves with TV, magazines, games, alcohol, drugs and pay without any resistance or question.
Fear revenue. Fear the courts. Fear the system that must never be challenged…
Yeah, we know all that.
Tell us something we don’t know. Like how to stop it.
Great comment Donnacha, however I fear it will be wasted on some of the commenters here who are asleep yet refuse to believe they are.
To be honest, I surrendered my liberty and became a voluntary slave when I had my first child.
Ireland has the highest personal debt mountain in Europe. But it must have been built up on stolen cards cause nobody in Ireland partied. Nobody…
Did people have problems paying their debts before our banks failed because of their fraudulent activity and we the citizens were forced to pick up the tab , causing job losses and increased taxes and charges etc . NOPE.
Very valid point Julie…
During the Celtic Tiger, I could only spend what I earned!!!!!
But developers were borrowing & spending billions,.!!
Then when the crash came, the developers ran to every other country, claiming poor mouth, while the average guy in Ireland picks up the tab!!!!!
Actually Julie, it was the property bubble bursting wot done it…
Simple equation
Earn……………. E1500 x12
Borrow …………E1000
Monthly Repay E500
Still can live and pay.
2013
Government cut wages, introduce extra taxes bank maintain high interest
New equation
Earn…………..E 1000
Still owe …….E1000 + Property Tax + USC + +++++
Anyone see where the problem started, HINT its not borrowing in the first place.
@ Hedley Lamarr
The problem is obvious Hedley when you put it like that:
Earn……..E15000x12
Erroneously assume everything will stay rosie forever, weill never lose job or receive paycut or face tax increase…Ireland will just keep lowering taxes and having a grand ol’ time…
Borrow…..more than I can afford I my income is reduced.
In other words – fail to consider all possibilities.
I doubt any sensible person truly considers “all possibilities”. They’d never get out of bed in the morning!
Why this desire to make us all collectively guilty? The real culprits are escaping scot free.
“Guilt is the gift that keeps on giving.”
As an Irish collective, we have been indoctrinated into guilt from birth under the control of the Roman church.
But trying to dump the collective guilt on all the people of Eire for the “mistakes” of the banksters is not right.
Or is it a mistake? Is it not a form of auto genocide?
http://www.whale.to/b/crow.html
We already see our sisters and brothers turn on those in receipt of benefits, thus giving the green light to the powers that be to cut further, thus the creation of worse conditions with less money available to spend.
The writer clearly knows Maslow’s pyramid of power and how it works.
A little education Reilly goes along way! Who lent the money to the property developers ? Did they have magic money trees that the rest of us knew nothing about. Who was steering this property bubble media, banks and government. An ordinary person went into the bank for a modest loan that they could afford and the bank as much as bullied them into taking double what they were asking for. When economist warned of what was to come our oh so intelligent Taoiseach told them to commit suicide. Back to my main point, people could pay their debts ,the people were not the problem it was the wreck less actions of our government and the banks they were working for and still are( don’t be fooled as to who is the boss in that relationship ). Now if you can’t see that I suggest you go back and look again at what happened, not just in Ireland but the whole of Europe all starting with American banks.
Right on brother.
..slaves to the wage!
They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.
Benjamin Franklin
Irelands obsession with safety nets and allowing trade unions and welfare leeches to drive our country into debt caused this, the safety net was extended to the banks against the will of the free market, high taxation and invasive policing accross the world eliminated liberty.
@ Thomas Regean. Well done you but try selling your house and you might have noticed some of your friends or relations can’t find jobs or maybe you don’t actually live in Ireland
Trade unions and the welfare state, can’t agree,
Trade unions are middle management( executives), which supports the above article
Welfare has a role in a just society, greed doesn’t acknowledge that not all of us can support ourselves
I have never needed this support but hope if I ever do , that those who can will not begrudge me some assistance
To agree with welfare and oppose bank bailouts is hypocrisy though , they are both safety nets against failure, corporate welfare is as much of a waste of public money as personal welfare, charity , and a low tax , low regulation system to allow job creation is the way to go.
LMAO, we already have a “low tax, low regulation system” and look at where the f*ck we are!!
All it’s managed to create is mass unemployment for the working class, higher taxes for the middle class, and wealth for the top 20%.
And who do you think is going to be buying back all those repossessed homes at bargain prices???
It certainly won’t be the “welfare leeches” you refer to. Let’s just hope you don’t get sick and have to rely on welfare to survive. Karma wouldn’t do that to you, would it? :)
Just a smidgen of veiled threat there Dexter, Watch out for that Karma thingy.
We’ve never had a “low tax, low regulation” system. That’s just what they want you to believe now, while they pick your pocket again.
@ireland uncensored – Congratulations!! You’ve posted the DUMBEST comment of the week.
Nowhere in this article is there a reference to Ireland, to any of the monstrous creations of the banking crisis here such as NAMA or IBRC, or the external institutions, the ECB, the IMF and the Troika, to whom we have surrendered our economic independence in such a grotesquely cheap manner.
This is a generic article full of bland cliches and generalisations that can be reprinted or translated for printing in any country that has been damaged by the banking crisis that continues to consume the developed western economic sector.
The message it contains is an insidious bastardisation of the truth.
The citizens of these countries are being told that the crisis has been caused because, in some subconscious way, people prefer slavery to freedom.
It makes little if any reference to the identities of the masters to whom these wilful slaves owe their allegiance.
There is a bit of a clue in the names of some of the authors clients, multinational corporations and banks.
The central banks of the developed western economies allowed the system of banking and credit control to become corrupted in the 1990′s, the result being the invention of previously non-existent credit which was flooded into the economic infrastructure.
The banks are broke, they had no money to lend to start with and have balance sheets full of worthless assets.
This article is pure propaganda, an effort to disguise the truth and persuade people the fault of the crisis lies with them rather than the banks.
Right on! Enda Kenny with his” The whole of Ireland went mad borrowing” remarks .
Forgot to mention that all these slave built high tech societies in the end succumbed to slave revolts and barbarians.
Eventually the same revolt will happen here too.
As Connie Francis sang in the 60s Everybodys somebodys fool.
Bob Dylan – You Gotta Serve Somebody
ill tell you how we got here… because we live an a vacuous society where ‘performance psychologist’ is considered an authority on economic affairs…
W
Wage slavers.
In Ancient Rome if you spent more than 50% of your time working you were considered a slave.
It’s hard to think of a profession that requires less than 50% of a persons time.
Since when did the importance of money surpass the importance of enjoying your life. You can have one without the other, the best thing in life are free.
Your 1st comment was better than the 2nd
A person working an 8 hour day will at most work probably 20% of their time.
Are you including time spent sleeping there Thomas? Because I wouldn’t call time spent to maintain cognitive function “free time”.
But I suppose in today’s world it’s considered a luxury.
It is free time. But then you never mentioned free time, just time.
@thomas: there’s 168 hours a week, so assuming a seven-day workweek, doing 8 hours a day would mean you spend 33.33% of your time working, but if you reduce that to five days, or 40 hours in total, it still equates to 23.8.
Are you totally sure you didn’t get involved in group behaviour, and the 80k in savings you’re so proud of isn’t more like 2 million in debt, given your mathematical acumen?
So no bank holidays or holidays for you then. Thanks would make me completely correct, right?
Apologies Thomas, I’ll add in irrelevant detail to cover my ass next time.
Not everybody entered into slavery. Many people were prepared to live in mobile homes and sub standard housing in order to avoid the death grip( mortgage). That didn’t stop the government from forcing them to pay bankers debt also. While they live in the lap of luxury.
I agree, many people are now downsizing and there’s the slow food movement and various other efforts to to show people there’s another way. We need a paradigm shift for everyone though. The majority WERE coaxed into loans and mortgages. People ate brainwashed by their own culture. You can’t blame them, as patronising as that sounds. Knowledge is power. What’s needed is a new approach to living and outlook on life. That takes a monumental shift and is unlikely to happen to those who don’t educate themselves via the internet or be educated by family/friends.
Hahaha educate themselves via the Internet. Good one.
We put all our chips in the game to save the euro. This was the gambit known as the bank guarantee when we as an outpost of the euro faced attack by global speculators. The euro is the right decision even at this price given our disasterous history alone or in the British empire. If this government had not abandoned its mandate to seek a write down the price could be a lot better….
The Euro is just another form of bondage.
have your say