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LIFE IN DUBLIN in the early 20th century was tough, especially given the huge class divide. However, it was also a time of remarkable change.
Newly-released digitised Dublin Metropolitan Police records show us what life was like from 1905 to 1918.
The records cover some of Dublin’s major historical events, including the 1913 Lockout, the 1916 Rising and its aftermath. Over 30,000 people were arrested during this period and these details are all contained in the records.
The UCD Digital Library partnered with SIPTU and the Garda Museum and Archives to present four volumes of records which are available online here.
Life at the time
During 1916, many people living in Dublin were quite poor and had terrible housing conditions. Thirty-six per cent of housing consisted of one-room tenements. Thirty per cent of infants in Ireland died because of malnutrition and weakness.
There were many arrests around this time for stealing. In the records you can see examples of the items taken including “onions and apples” and “boots” and “minerals from a shop”. You can also read the details of cases like the four teenage girls who were arrested for stealing wool from a bale at North Wall and the 38-year-old man was arrested for stealing pencils.
Pádraig Yeates, one of the main people behind getting the books together, said that the records give new insights into this revolutionary period.
He said:
For instance, one thing that immediately jumps out is the presence of British army soldiers in these records and the absence of insurgents. Over a quarter of all men arrested in Dublin in 1916 were soldiers, mainly absentees and deserters
Here are some of the arrests that caught our attention…
1. Séan Lemass (as John Lemass) arrested for manslaughter
Seán Lemass, former Irish Taoiseach, was arrested on 29 January 1916 for manslaughter. Lemass accidentally shot his two year old brother, Herbert.
The revolver went off by mistake in the family’s living room on Capel St and Herbert died in Temple Street Hospital from a head wound left by the bullet. Lemass, as shown in the records, was only 16 and a half years old at the time.
This is a little-known part of Lemass’ history, even his biographers did not mention the event. Eunan O’Halpin, a Trinity Professor in contemporary Irish history, wrote about the incident in The Irish Times.
2. James Larkin and James Connolly’s arrests in 1913
The 1913 Lockout was the culmination of months of disagreements between William Martin Murphy, who owned the Irish Independent and controlled the Dublin Tramways Company, and the Irish Transport and General Workers’ Union (ITGWU).
On 15 August 1913, Murphy told his workers they had the choice of the union or a job. Any worker who didn’t sign a pledge to disown the union were “locked out”.
James (Jim) Larkin’s arrest was one of the standout scenes of the Lockout. Larkin was highly involved in representing the workers during the Lockout.
On 31 August, Larkin snuck into the Imperial Hotel, owned by Murphy, and addressed the crowd for a few minutes, before being arrested for “incitement to crime”.
He was released on bail in September. He was sentenced two months later, on 27 October, to seven months in prison. He was released early from Mountjoy Prison on 13 November.
James Connolly was arrested for ‘incitement to crime’ on 30 August 1913. He had been coming from Belfast to help run the strike. His sentence was to pay £200 bail money or face three months in jail. He went to jail but was later released after going on hunger strike.
3. Revolutionaries’ arrests in 1918
Two years after the Easter Rising, many of the main revolutionaries were still catching the attention of the Dublin Metropolitan Police.
W T Cosgrave, who succeeded Michael Collins as the President of the Free State, was arrested for the offence of “Defense of the Realm” on 17 May 2018. He was marked down as 38-year-old with the occupation of “publican”.
Constance Markievicz’s arrest is filled in directly after Cosgrave for the same offence. She was 40 at the time and gave her occupation as “none”.
Count George Noble Plunkett, father of the 1916 Proclamation signatory Joseph Mary Plunkett, was also booked for the same offence. The 69-year-old gave his occupation as “gent”. What a boss.
Slightly further down the page, revolutionary Maud Gonne McBride, (W B Yeats’ love interest) was arrested and “handed over to military for internment”.
The punishments
Many of those arrested had to pay fines or face a prison service. There were also some more unusual repercussions.
Michael Saufey received “6 strokes of rod” after stealing apples. Francis Keegan and J J Ashe also got the same sentence after robbing minerals.
Twenty-three year old Kathleen Mallingham was arrested in 22 August 1916 for keeping a brothel. She had to pay £25 “to keep peace”.
To read more about the cases, check out the documents here.
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If every person had half the compassion these people have…. Well done guys
Congrats to all concerned. Will somebody please tell Mr. Coveney to open his eyes and ears and acknowledge that there is a real crisis in the country around equines and their welfare?
You should need to have a permit to own these animals.
A great news story I’m sure for everyone concerned well done to the people concerned.
Comment of the week ^^^^
Why are the pounds charging so much to release the horses to a known welfare group, a nominal fee should be charged in these cases.
Because they are going back to travellers who just mistreat them again.
Why should equestrian people javr to follow such strict rules when travellers don’t?.
Make it to expensive for them on top of that send in dog warden as how many dogs have they micro chipped.
Travellers want you to pay for everything its not like they have done a days work ever
Think this is to make money and for the horse owner to obey the law.
Funny thou isn’t it how they always seem to have more than enough money for their gaudy n tacky christenings, wedding and funerals but not a penny wen it comes to looking after their animals! Disgusting
While the efforts of the group are to be highly commended. I am aghast at the pound for the levy charged to release these poor abused animals. Seem to me like more exploitation of the animals and also threatening to take their lives if the money was not forthcoming! This money could better be used to ensure the horses welfare.
What do you expect from the authorities when they treat people in much the same way
Well done, If I wasn’t so broke I would donate to the cause.
Coveney thinks that equine welfare isn’t at crisis point! He definitely has blinkers on!!
Thank goodness there are still good caring people in this selfish fecked up country of ours. Its a crying disgrace that this charity was charged anything for saving these horse and finding them good homes. But that is the public service mentality and the jobsworth who are employed by them. Petty bureaucrats with petty minds.
Charlies is probably the most knowledgeable and experienced rescue in Europe… once again they have stepped up to save precious lives. James Ahearne Murphy works day and night saving animals and rehabilitating those in most need..He is totally focused and has had many miracles in his rescue over the years. If any organisation deserves support, over and above, it is this one.
I have rarely encountered such a dedicated individual who never seeks the limelight, but works tirelessly to save animals’ lives.
Each horse has his own individual care-plan and a whatever it takes approach is the rule of the day. Others talk about it- Joseph and his dedicated team of volunteers actually walk the walk.
I highly encourage people to consider donating to Charlie’s- they are in a league of their own- true horse people.
Really this is crazy. The animals are better off being put down. So many animals is treacherous condition suffering in silence. Put the resources towards finding and helping these animals.
Simon says there is no equine crisis in Ireland! It’s completely unethical to be charging rescues to save these horses and completely unethical to cull healthy horses when there are people willing to help them. Wicklow county council killed 64 horses recently – almost all of them in good condition.
Well done to SIH for keeping these horses and ponies alive through the winter, and to Charlies Equine Rescue for stepping up at short notice to offer them a place of safety.
There are still costs associated with these 7 so even if you can only donate 1 euro please do so via payapl to charliesequinerescue@yahoo.ie.
I do understand the pound must be paid to be there for such situations. I can’t understand why the owners are not held to account, I have yet to see any report of any action taken by the authorities about the recent instances. Maybe Simon Coveney is not really “responsible”.
have your say