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FactCheck: A reader's guide to how it works

Everything you could possibly want to know about how FactCheck works, what the verdicts mean, and how to suggest a fact check.

Updated June 2022

THIS ARTICLE SHOULD tell you everything you need to know about what FactCheck is, how it works, and how you can take an active part in it.

What is FactCheck?

We check factual claims made by public figures or entities about newsworthy and topical issues. We also check or debunk memes, hoaxes, rumours and viral content which may not have a single, specific, high-profile author.

How do we find and choose fact checks?

While our work is informed by topical issues of the day, we do our best to factcheck a wide range of issues and examine the claims of a wide range of individuals and organisations. This is to try and ensure fairness and an even distribution in our fact checks, and avoid concentrating too much on one person or group.

Our efforts on this will inevitably be imperfect, so if you ever feel this is the case, please let us know.

We watch and listen to a lot of Irish TV and radio, read the news, tune in to Dáil and Seanad debates, and keep an eye on what politicians, public figures and activist and non-profit groups say on social media. We also look at Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp and other social media platforms for claims.

Readers can submit suggestions for claims by sending the details to factcheck@thejournal.ie, tweet @TJ_FactCheck, or send us a direct message on Twitter. You can also forward claims to us on WhatsApp on 083 876 0971.

When deciding on which claims to prioritise, we can’t get to every single one so we focus on ones that have the most potential to cause harm or have a negative impact in people’s lives, as well as claims which are being shared widely.

What do FactChecks look like? 

The growth of misinformation in Ireland during the coronavirus pandemic led to an expansion of the number and type of factchecks we do. These are the different types of factchecks that you’ll see on the site: 

Who can submit a fact check?

Anyone. This is a departure from our original guidelines, which limited FactCheck requests to members of the public.

As of now, though, we will check claims submitted by politicians, their staff, political parties, non-profit groups and unions – essentially, the types of people and organisations who are normally the ones being factchecked.

However, if you fall into this category, we will only accept your suggestion on the understanding that the article will mention the source of the request.

So if, for example, Political Party A’s press office asks us to fact-check a claim by Political Party B, we’ll only do it if Political Party A agrees to be named in the article.

For general readers, we certainly ask if we can mention your name and (roughly) where you live, but you don’t have to provide this information.

How to suggest a fact check

  • Email factcheck@thejournal.ie, tweet @TJ_FactCheck (bearing in mind that a request in this format is public), send us a direct message on Twitter, or WhatsApp message us on 085 221 4696
  • Tell us who you are, roughly where you live, and whether it’s ok for us to include that information in the fact check
  • Be as specific as possible about the claim you want checked, the person or organisation who made it, and where you saw, read, or heard the claim being made. If you can, include links. Suggestions with this information are far more likely to end up as fact checks.
  • As much as we’d love to, we can’t research questions you are simply curious about. FactCheck is about examining the truth (or otherwise) of claims that have been made about specific issues
  • We can’t factcheck claims that involve someone’s beliefs or ideology, counterfactual claims or predictions.
  • We’re particularly grateful for any memes or viral content that you may see circulating on social media. The internet is a big place, and we can’t keep an eye on all of it, so if you see something that can be fact-checked or debunked, please get in touch.

How we check claims for a FactCheck 

  • If the claim was made by a specific person or entity, in almost all instances they will be asked to provide evidence. This is for two reasons: it holds them to account, and also gives them the right and opportunity to defend their claim and argue their case.

We then evaluate the evidence they give us, but also research the issue independently.

  • Insofar as is possible, we use the most official, authoritative sources available as evidence
  • And we always try to get to the root of a claim.

If we come across a statistic in a speech, press release, meme or video, we look for the raw data that led to that statistic.

  • Then, we evaluate the quality of that data or information, the quality of the methodology used to acquire it, and the reliability of the entity who gathered it in the first place. (i.e. did this come from a peer-reviewed study in a reputable journal, a state agency, a government department, the Central Statistics Office, an international organisation like the UN, OECD, WHO, or Eurostat?)
  • We don’t “take the word” of reputable organisations, but we do know that some data and information is more reliable than others.
  • We seek out contradictions. This means that, rather than searching for evidence that supports or refutes a claim, we deliberately try to find evidence that supports and refutes every side of a particular issue. We are deliberately awkward in our research.
  • We weigh evidence. If we find 20 pieces of peer-reviewed scientific research which refute a claim, and one that supports it, that claim is likely to get a rating of FALSE or Mostly FALSE.
  • If a claim involves a public statement, we look at official transcripts, but also (where available) at audio and video recordings, to ensure what someone actually said wasn’t misrepresented in a transcript or news report.
  • We very often speak to experts, to help us interpret and evaluate evidence, but also to give us their own expert assessment of a claim.
  • We use public sources, wherever possible. We want readers to be able to replicate the research we do, and come to their own conclusions, so we will use evidence that is already publicly available, or seek permission to make evidence public in our fact checks.

Very occasionally, we will use evidence that is not publicly available, but we will explain why.

  • We do not accept off-the-record statements as evidence.

Why should you take our word for anything? 

You don’t have to. Our aim is to give you the information that you need to make your own mind up. A lot of the time things aren’t black and white. We want to get good information out there to cut through the noise.

How we rate claims

When it comes to FactChecks which require a verdict, our view is that a verdict should be read along with the evidence available, and the (often quite nuanced) rationale behind it.

But we understand that many see the verdict as the most essential part of each fact check, so it’s only fair that we explain what they mean.

TRUE: The claim is accurate, and is not missing any significant details or context.

MOSTLY TRUE: The claim is close to accurate, but is missing significant details or context. Or, the best available evidence weighs in favour of the claim.

MIXTURE: There are elements of truth in the claim, but also elements of falsehood. Or, the best available evidence is evenly weighted in support of, and against, the claim.

MOSTLY FALSE: There is an element of truth in the claim, but it is missing critical details or context. Or, the best available evidence weighs against the claim.

FALSE: The claim is inaccurate

MISLEADING: The claim either intentionally or unintentionally misleads readers 

NONSENSE: The claim is wildly inaccurate, logically impossible, and/or ridiculous.

UNPROVEN: The evidence available is insufficient to support or refute the claim, but it is logically possible.

Corrections and Updates

Occasionally, we will get things wrong. When that happens, we’ll say so.

If any significant information has been added to an article, that update will be briefly described at the bottom of the article. If there was a factual error, the error will be fixed and the correction will be briefly described at the bottom of the article.

If we change a verdict (either due to the discovery of an error or new information), we will explain that change in the article.

In addition, any updates, corrections or verdict changes will be tracked on our Updates and Corrections page.

About us

The Journal is owned by brothers Eamonn and Brian Fallon, who set up property listings website Daft.ie in 1997. In July 2015, their Distilled Media group merged with the Oslo-listed Schibsted Media Group to form Distilled SCH. However, The Journal and its sister publications The42 and Noteworthy remained separate and solely owned by the Fallon brothers as the independent Journal Media Ltd.

FactCheck is a project run out of The Journal newsroom and largely funded from the central newsroom budget. Read more about The Journal FactCheck unit here

We also factcheck content on Facebook as part of its Third-Party Fact-Checking Programme. You can read about how that works here.

All newsteam members with The Journal are required to declare to the editor any political affiliations or allegiances, business interests or other external activities which could affect their journalistic endeavours, including and especially the impartiality necessary for carrying out a The Journal FactCheck.

This requirement is enshrined in our newsroom handbook and overseen by the editor.

International Fact-Checking Network Code of Principles

FactCheck at The Journal is a signatory to the International Fact-Checking Network’s Code of Principles, which you can read in full, here.

How can I help?

The most direct thing you can do is contribute to The Journal so we can keep factchecking, explaining and informing. Factchecking is some of the most expensive and resource-heavy work we do in the newsroom so every contribution helps.

Aside from that, let us know if you have a claim you want factchecked, and share our work on social media and in your groups if you can.

Send your FactCheck requests to factcheck@thejournal.ie.

Read: The International Fact-Checking Network Code of Principles>

Read: FactCheck’s Updates and Corrections>

Readers like you are keeping these stories free for everyone...
It is vital that we surface facts from noise. Articles like this one brings you clarity, transparency and balance so you can make well-informed decisions. We set up FactCheck in 2016 to proactively expose false or misleading information, but to continue to deliver on this mission we need your support. Over 5,000 readers like you support us. If you can, please consider setting up a monthly payment or making a once-off donation to keep news free to everyone.

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17 Comments
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    Mute Patrick Monaghan
    Favourite Patrick Monaghan
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    Nov 11th 2013, 10:23 PM

    Why is the helpline number an 0818 number instead of 1800. Why should they profit from their mistake.

    373
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    Mute James McInerney
    Favourite James McInerney
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    Nov 11th 2013, 10:17 PM

    Why are they storing credit card details for 2 years?
    Aren’t they supposed to be deleted after the transaction has been completed?

    266
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    Mute Katie Does
    Favourite Katie Does
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    Nov 12th 2013, 9:28 AM

    And they slipped in the bit where they were storing them unencrypted.

    They are going on about ‘cypercrime’ and ‘cypercriminals’ now like there are evil geniuses behind this, that its some form of high tech crime that is really difficult to counter or to explain to ordinary mortals.

    Sorry, but if you are storing cc details unencrypted for years then your whole approach to security is questionable and this is just as likely to be as low tech as a data entry employee copying a database to a memory key.

    11
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    Mute Dermot O Dwyer
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    Nov 11th 2013, 9:31 PM

    Ring the helpline number and leave your credit card details…..

    214
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    Mute Jim Brady
    Favourite Jim Brady
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    Nov 11th 2013, 11:26 PM

    And remember, the security breaches were in 2011 and 2012, so it’s imperative that you ring your bank urgently, before it’s too late like.

    186
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    Mute Vocal Outrage
    Favourite Vocal Outrage
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    Nov 12th 2013, 7:06 AM

    Or perhaps you just read the article. You know, the bit where it says the transactions were 2011 and 2012 rather than that’s when the breach occurred.

    50
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    Mute Gnik
    Favourite Gnik
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    Nov 11th 2013, 9:45 PM

    This wouldn’t have happened on Superquinns watch.

    175
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    Mute Stephen MacMahon
    Favourite Stephen MacMahon
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    Nov 11th 2013, 11:31 PM

    This is why I max my credit card out, so emm it can’t be stolen from

    164
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    Mute TheIrishBrain
    Favourite TheIrishBrain
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    Nov 11th 2013, 9:30 PM

    Cash will always be King.

    145
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    Mute Jason Bourne
    Favourite Jason Bourne
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    Nov 12th 2013, 8:50 AM

    Until the issuers says its not.

    8
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    Mute Jim Flavin
    Favourite Jim Flavin
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    Nov 11th 2013, 9:35 PM

    If the details have ben compromised why did not Supervalu come out straight and say – change your card ?.

    95
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    Mute Hiddiho
    Favourite Hiddiho
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    Nov 11th 2013, 9:51 PM

    So it happened between 2011 and 2012 ?? Well if ye haven’t noticed money gone missing from then til now then ye have too much in any way .

    90
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    Mute Andy Murray
    Favourite Andy Murray
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    Nov 11th 2013, 10:02 PM

    The details were collected and stored in a database between 2011 and 2012, but the data was accesses and stolen last week.

    131
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    Mute Hiddiho
    Favourite Hiddiho
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    Nov 11th 2013, 10:12 PM

    Thanks for clearing that up for me Andy .

    64
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    Mute Katie Does
    Favourite Katie Does
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    Nov 12th 2013, 9:33 AM

    I don’t think that’s correct Andy. I think they only discovered it last week, but the thefts date back two years. Basing that on the news this morning where customers were told to check for anomalies on their cc accounts over the last two years.

    I am making a leap here, but based on that, and on the fact that people who only used their card on this system this year are being contacted, this looks like it was an ongoing theft of details over a long period, rather than a single event. The discovery was the single event, not the theft.

    5
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    Mute Denise Friary
    Favourite Denise Friary
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    Nov 11th 2013, 9:41 PM

    I shop the old fashion way I buy my fruit and veg in moore st and meet all the great people there,then I go to the local shops for everthing else no credit card needed.

    69
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    Mute MarkS
    Favourite MarkS
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    Nov 11th 2013, 9:49 PM

    Good for you. Do they sell getaway breaks there ? No.

    378
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    Mute Sophie Le Cuiche
    Favourite Sophie Le Cuiche
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    Nov 11th 2013, 10:08 PM

    I use my credit card to buy the train fare all the way to Moore St, then I buy all my fruit and veg with cash when I don’t meet pickpockets on the way.
    Credit cards are very safe, just use charge backs when you notice a transaction you didn’t do and you will get you money back.

    91
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    Mute Paul Sexton
    Favourite Paul Sexton
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    Nov 11th 2013, 11:11 PM

    Getaway breaks to where?? Some crappy hotel in a place you’d rather not be in

    55
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    Mute Dhakina's Sword
    Favourite Dhakina's Sword
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    Nov 11th 2013, 11:44 PM

    Perhaps Moore St. has changed. Back in the day, ( 70′s/ 80′s ) they would display fresh produce and then, when you placed your order, would use slight of hand and other techniques, to distract you from seeing that they were giving you half rotten produce hidden under the stall. They did themselves no favours with these cons and sacrificed their reputation for short term gains. Hopefully, that’s changed. To be fair to the traders, the low down in the pecking order fishmongers, who were consigned to ply their wares from atop an old fashioned pram, were in fact the most trustworthy. I could get the poor relation of Plaice or Sole, the lazily named Dab, for three to the pound. As a regular customer, the quantity per pound rose to six and then nine. However, there was another price to pay. My threescore and something polyester headscarfed fishmonger took a certain shine to me. She explained to me that the protestations of the other fishmongers against giving me such good value, was borne of jealousy. At this stage, I began to worry. Being unemployed in the early eighties meant that you had to cut corners, but I had to draw the line at getting involved in a fishmongers turf war. I’m sure that she’s long gone by now, but I have fond memories of her and the cheeky glint in her eye.

    95
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    Mute Jimmy Dunlop
    Favourite Jimmy Dunlop
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    Nov 12th 2013, 12:38 AM

    Moore st. is a great place I also get my cigs and booze there for a good price. If moore st goes that’s the end of Dublin in the rare auld times.

    21
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    Mute Alan Lawlor
    Favourite Alan Lawlor
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    Nov 12th 2013, 7:27 AM

    If getting knock counterfeit fags to cheat the state of taxes (so that the rest of us have to pay even more taxes) is typical of Dublin in the rare oul times, then I for one will not miss it if it goes

    38
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    Mute Lorna Haller
    Favourite Lorna Haller
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    Nov 11th 2013, 9:59 PM

    I like the shop super value but I must not use any of my credit card no more The peoples in the shops are very nice to me and my children

    66
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    Mute Robin Basstard
    Favourite Robin Basstard
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    Nov 11th 2013, 10:42 PM

    Cash cash cash always use cash Lorna, then the big bad peoples can’t steal your card details.

    51
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    Mute Philip
    Favourite Philip
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    Nov 11th 2013, 10:21 PM

    So what are supervalu going to do for their customers

    Surely they should offer some compensation for the hassle caused,

    62
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    Mute Niall Mullins
    Favourite Niall Mullins
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    Nov 12th 2013, 4:50 AM

    Free superquinn sausages for everyone in the audience.

    63
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    Mute Hazel Collins
    Favourite Hazel Collins
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    Nov 12th 2013, 6:06 PM

    Should it not be loyalty build that should be compensating people as it was them that was hacked and not supervalu, loyalty build should be explaining this to people and putting the blame on another company, supervalu pay them to do a job and they should have done it properly

    4
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    Mute crankyrider
    Favourite crankyrider
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    Nov 12th 2013, 12:19 AM

    Could check my card please
    4317 8436 2381 6681
    Ccv 332
    Expiry 02 14
    Cranky rider
    Mothers maiden name is miss crankyrider

    57
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    Mute Siobhan Ni Giolla Rua
    Favourite Siobhan Ni Giolla Rua
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    Nov 11th 2013, 10:39 PM

    Why did I get a letter in post in regard and the dates stated are between 2011 and 2012 I only booked mid 2013
    confused about all this

    55
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    Mute Tricia Keogh
    Favourite Tricia Keogh
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    Nov 12th 2013, 1:16 AM

    Siobhan it was initially dates in 2013 that was effected, today it came to light that dates further back were also effected, I got an email today :-(

    25
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    Mute sean c
    Favourite sean c
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    Nov 12th 2013, 4:56 AM

    I recently had to cancel a debit card because over the space of a week or two about 10 itunes purchases appeared on it which I certainly didn’t buy, had used this card numerous times for Supervalu getaway breaks. Starting to wonder…

    38
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    Mute Murph11
    Favourite Murph11
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    Nov 11th 2013, 9:54 PM

    Didn’t this news break last week?

    36
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    Mute Rehabmeerkat
    Favourite Rehabmeerkat
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    Nov 11th 2013, 10:03 PM

    What’s it like to have never flown Ryanair?

    26
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    Mute James Darby
    Favourite James Darby
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    Nov 12th 2013, 7:38 AM

    Can nobody figure out a way to bring Enda and Eamon into this.

    30
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    Mute Breda Healy
    Favourite Breda Healy
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    Nov 12th 2013, 8:45 AM

    Why do people not read the article. It’s nothing to with where you shop. It’s if you booked a getaway break through Loyaltybuild.

    13
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    Mute bob®
    Favourite bob®
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    Nov 11th 2013, 11:54 PM

    Do you have your value card? (for who?)

    7
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    Mute Malachi Shanks
    Favourite Malachi Shanks
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    Nov 11th 2013, 10:03 PM

    Is there a time frame here ??

    6
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    Mute Vocal Outrage
    Favourite Vocal Outrage
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    Nov 12th 2013, 7:09 AM

    Yes, read the article

    15
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    Mute Richard James Cole
    Favourite Richard James Cole
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    Nov 12th 2013, 1:33 AM

    Shop MACE its SAFER.

    6
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    Mute Ray Cotter
    Favourite Ray Cotter
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    Nov 12th 2013, 8:38 AM

    Who is going to pay for the charge of canceling your cards I’d like to know.

    3
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    Mute Lisa Moynihan
    Favourite Lisa Moynihan
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    Nov 12th 2013, 4:12 PM

    My bank waived the fee on reissuing my card!

    2
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    Mute Hazel Collins
    Favourite Hazel Collins
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    Nov 12th 2013, 6:17 PM

    Ur information on ur supervalu card is fine, it was not hacked. When u booked a break away, the company used to book it is called loyalty build and they are the company that you would have given ur credit card details to while booking. This is the company that was hacked, they need to reimburse people

    2
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