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Scientists have found a way to flip the fear and courage switches in the brain

Authors of a new study say this development could help people who suffer from phobias, anxiety and PTSD.

SCIENTISTS MAY HAVE discovered a way to help people who suffer from anxiety, phobias or PTSD to cope better with stressful situations.

Researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have identified two adjacent clusters of nerve cells in the brains of mice whose activation levels to a visual threat spell the difference between a timid response and a bold or even fierce one.

The cell clusters are located in the middle of the brain and each send signals to different areas of the brain, igniting opposite behaviours in the face of a visual threat.

By selectively altering the activation levels of the two clusters, or nuclei, the investigators could prompt mice to freeze or duck into a hiding space, or to aggressively stand their ground, when approached by a simulated predator.

According to associate professor of neurobiology and of ophthalmology Andrew Huberman, human brains probably possess the same sort of circuitry. Finding ways of shifting the signal strengths of these nerve clusters either ahead of or during situations that people perceive as threatening may help those who suffer with excessive anxiety, phobias, or post-traumatic stress disorder.

“This opens the door to future work on how to shift us from paralysis and fear to being able to confront challenges in ways that make our lives better,” said Huberman, the senior author of a paper which was published in Nature this week.

As part of this study, lead author Lindsey Salay simulated a looming predator’s approach. Investigators selectively modified specific sets of nerve cells in the mice’s brains to simulate different responses.

For example, exclusively stimulating one cluster markedly increased the propensity to freeze in place.

However, boosting activity in the ‘courage’ nucleus resulted in a completely different result: The mice stood their ground, right out in the open and rattled their tails – an act associated with aggression in the species.

This “courageous” behaviour was unmistakable, and loud, Huberman said. “You could hear their tails thumping against the side of the chamber. It’s the mouse equivalent of slapping and beating your chest and saying, ‘OK, let’s fight!’” The mice in which this nucleus was stimulated also ran around more in the chamber’s open area, as opposed to simply running toward hiding places.

The research group is now exploring the efficacy of techniques such as deep breathing and relation of visual fixation in people who suffer with anxiety or PTSD. The thinking is that reducing signalling to the part of the brain which receives these messages or altering the balance of the strength of these signals could increase a person’s flexibility in coping with stress.

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    Mute Jimmy Chickens
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    May 15th 2022, 7:49 AM

    Shocking. Guns shouldn’t be so freely available.

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    Mute Nora McElhinney
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    May 15th 2022, 9:25 AM

    @Jimmy Chickens: will they ever learn????? Just gather around the campfire, light a few candles, sing a few verses of kumbya and wait for the next armed lunatic….. so sad RIP

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    Mute Leadóg
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    May 15th 2022, 8:04 AM

    Nothing changed after Sandy Hook. I don’t wish harm on anyone but maybe it’s going to take the death of a top NRA person or an NRA supporting politician in a mass shooting for things to change.

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    Mute Ciaran
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    May 15th 2022, 11:37 AM

    @Leadóg: true but they all carry guns with them so it’s unlikely they themselves would be a victim.

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    Mute JPM
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    May 15th 2022, 2:49 PM

    @Leadóg: exactly. When nothing happened after Sandy Hook it’ll never happen

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    Mute Colm Coughlan
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    May 15th 2022, 7:58 AM

    It’s all okay though, President Biden is praying for the victims and their families.

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    Mute Jason Ebbs
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    May 15th 2022, 8:01 AM

    @Colm Coughlan: not just Biden, that’s all any of them did.

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    Mute pkunzip doom2.zip
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    May 15th 2022, 8:29 AM

    @Colm Coughlan: and his wife

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    Mute Michael Byrne
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    May 15th 2022, 9:42 AM

    @Colm Coughlan: Just like Trump did for the countless number of mass shootings that happened whilst he was in office. It’s quite clear the problem lies in the easy access to guns and the fear mongering and hate news that’s spread by OAN and Fox News…..

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    Mute Paul Furey
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    May 15th 2022, 10:39 AM

    @Colm Coughlan: you do realise trump was far worse….even though he has recently repeated he is the best thing ever for Christianty. Biden may be sincere, but trump is always ever only playing his twisted little game.

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    Mute Tricia G ☘️
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    May 15th 2022, 11:38 AM

    @Colm Coughlan: At least when Biden says he’s praying for them you’d actually believe he is…..

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    Mute Dave O'Keeffe
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    May 15th 2022, 2:22 PM

    @David Bohane: fun fact: you’re not a criminal until your convicted so the number of criminals who’s bail they paid would actually be a small minority, so that’s two things you’re blowing out of proportion. Also, bail is not a crime.
    The system of policing in the states is diabolical and has over inflated budgets. The idea of defend the police wasn’t that there shouldn’t be police. That’s strike three

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    Mute David
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    May 15th 2022, 2:58 PM

    @David Bohane: if the far left didn’t vote for Biden do you think they would of voted for Trump instead lol

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    Mute Seamus Mac
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    May 15th 2022, 3:06 PM

    @Dave O’Keeffe: strange for the democrats to be bailing people out of jail no? Do the republicans engage in such practices as well?

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    Mute James Lough
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    May 15th 2022, 7:45 AM

    RIP. Senseless waste of life

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    Mute Teresa O'Halloran
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    May 15th 2022, 8:39 AM

    What a còward. Put the gun to his own neck but didn’t pull the trigger, yet he had no problem shooting thirteen innocent people. His parents have questions to answer for bringing this piece of ßhit into the world.

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    Mute lelookcoco
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    May 15th 2022, 8:52 AM

    @Teresa O’Halloran: His parents? Are you actually serious? So this guy is innocent because his parents are to blame? Engage your brain before making a comment.

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    Mute Jason Ebbs
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    May 15th 2022, 8:57 AM

    @Teresa O’Halloran: He’s 18, so an adult. This makes him responsible for his own actions and not his parents.

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    Mute Teresa O'Halloran
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    May 15th 2022, 9:09 AM

    @lelookcoco: I didn’t say he was innocent. But he has all the signs of a spoilt brat. We need to find out why these kids are doing this by examining their upbringing and their home life. The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree. Which means his parents are probably white supremacists also.

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    Mute Teresa O'Halloran
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    May 15th 2022, 9:13 AM

    @Jason Ebbs: what about the case of Ethan Crumbley, do you think his parents didn’t know what he was planning?

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    Mute Jason Ebbs
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    May 15th 2022, 9:34 AM

    @Teresa O’Halloran: Difference circumstances. He was 15 at the time of his shooting, so a child.

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    Mute Roy Dowling
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    May 15th 2022, 11:42 AM

    @Teresa O’Halloran: Do you know everything your children are doing?

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    Mute Dave
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    May 15th 2022, 11:24 AM

    Horrific stuff, after seeing the footage.. When you can just roll up with an automatic weapon like that without a second thought, there is something seriously wrong with the American society and the obsession with guns…

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    Mute Lynne Colson
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    May 15th 2022, 9:28 AM

    Unfortunately the U.S. constitution would need to be so changed from “The right to bear arms” for any of this to stop or lessen even. Because the American “forefathers” wouldn’t have been able to have the foresight this far in to the future. A U.S. president is unable to simply change the constitution and the gun lobby is large and vocal. Republicans would never allow this change to the constitution.

    Contrary to popular belief there are a lot of people in the U.S. have no interest in guns.

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    Mute Paul Furey
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    May 15th 2022, 10:43 AM

    @Lynne Colson: true! Even if they could change everything just to exclude automatic and assault rifles and all those other mad guns they have over there.

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    Mute Seamus Mac
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    May 15th 2022, 3:08 PM

    @Paul Furey: I think there is an automatic weapons ban but it needs to be strengthened.

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    Mute Bramley Hawthorne
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    May 15th 2022, 8:13 AM

    A gun-totting society is a contradiction.

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    Mute E.J. Murray
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    May 15th 2022, 12:23 PM

    He probably thinks that he’s going to be found innocent like Rittenhouse. The US continues to destroy itself, and all that it’s supposed to stand for.

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    Mute Jonhayes38
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    May 15th 2022, 9:17 AM

    Thoughts & prayers…

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    Mute Seán Ó Briain
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    May 15th 2022, 2:50 PM

    Another MAGA loon.

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    Mute Seamus Mac
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    May 15th 2022, 3:10 PM

    @Seán Ó Briain: no just a loon.

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    Mute Jimmy Reid
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    May 15th 2022, 7:54 AM

    What’s NY policy on the d penalty. You’d want this boyo to go for this. Crazy

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    Mute A$AP Ragnick
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    May 15th 2022, 9:10 AM

    @Jimmy Reid: dont think new york have it. Could be wrong though.

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    Mute Peter Sutton Fitzgibbon
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    May 15th 2022, 11:26 AM

    …and two were white before surrendering… ?

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