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Last month, Macedonians voted on whether to change the country’s name to North Macedonia, and end a 27-year dispute with Greece over its province which is also called Macedonia. Sasko Lazarov, a photographer with RollingNews.ie, wrote about why he travelled home to vote, and why it was so important to him.
THE ONLY RIGHT way to start this piece is with the person who is responsible for causing this whole mess: Alexander the Great.
A cosmopolitan and curious person, Alexander III of Macedon wanted to discover what was beyond the next hill, mountain and river. His goal was to unite the world into one country, but he gave little thought to the total chaos he created in his own nation.
The core of the problem was that Alexander’s territory, once called the Old Kingdom of Macedonia, was split into three different countries in 1903, at the Treaty of Bucharest. As the Ottoman Empire lost its power and withdrew to Turkey, it left behind a vast, mountainous territory that was very difficult to control.
Macedonia had been under 500 years of Turkish rule, and after they left there was no authority who could protect the territory. There was no one to stop the European kings splitting up the old kingdom.
The Treaty split it into three parts into parts. The first was the Republic of Macedonia. The second was the north part of a Greek province, which would also be called Macedonia. The third was a very small part that is now in Bulgaria.
Decades later, some of the same monarchies allied with Nazi Germany – and partisans and rebels mobilised the local population of Macedonia, and kicked both Germans and royals out.
That was the moment when Macedonia became a territory again; a place with borders, modern schools, hospitals and roads. That was the moment when the flag was up on a pole, and Macedonians could say, “Now we have a country again, after 500 years of Turks, Nazis and foreign monarchs”.
The Republic of Macedonia is the name of my birth country. It’s the name that I learned when I was born, and went to school. The first time I was asked where I’m from, that is the name I knew to say.
The message of the referendum that just occurred was that no one will have the exclusive right to the name of Macedonia.
The Yugoslavian Tiger
When I was born in 1980, hardly anyone ever mentioned Alexander. In the years after the war, 1945 – 1980, when my parents got married, there was no time to look at history. It was the time of progress: wages were high, industries were blossoming.
Yugoslavia was one nation then, like a precursor to the EU, where Croatians, Macedonians, Montenegrians, Serbians, Slovenians and Herzegovinians were in it together, and achieving progress, wealth, and a drive forward.
All that was brilliant while it lasted, but it didn’t last for long. In 1992, during the Yugoslav wars, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia broke apart. Then Macedonia had no other option but to become independent.
My father’s generation cry for that time and speak about how much freedom and respect there was between all the Yugoslavian nations; they looked the same, spoke the same language and were called “slavs of the south” – with “Yugo” meaning south and “Slavia” meaning slavic country.
Restoring pride in Macedonia
After independence, the new country, just separated from Yugoslavia, started to grow: political parties were formed, and the leaders of those parties began to hunt for support.
Some lamented the loss of the old Yugoslavian socialism in order to gain supporters, and some of them were bringing new ideas.
“We are descendants of Alexander the Great,” was one idea put forward – we only had 70 years of history with Yugoslavia and the slavs, but our origin comes from far before that.
Emphasising the noble past we came from gave some momentum and dignity to our heritage of antique civilisation. The feeling of belonging to something so big was very much welcomed by many Macedonians who suffered an inferiority complex.
Imposed visa regimes by the EU made us looked like a poor country of immigrants that will only take rather than give.
A nation by any other name
The dispute with Greece over the name Macedonia gathered traction after Greek Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou slapped the trade embargo on Macedonia on 16 February 1994 in a bid to pressure the infant Balkan state to change its flag and constitution.
Instead of opening the border when we were most in need, the people who were used to luxury in the past were suddenly humiliated by extreme poverty.
The capital city had the country’s only university hospital. The High Court was in a prefab, and the museum was nowhere to be found. The theatre was in a cheap, fast-made socialist-era building, and the nation had broken morale and the spending power of a developing country.
And then a young and promising leader appeared: Nikola Gruevski from VMRO-DPMNE party.
He promised and delivered the biggest statue in the world of Alexander the Great, in the middle of the square of the capital, so every modern young Macedonian can take a selfie with Alexander. He promised and delivered theatres with expensive velvet curtains, built a National Museum in the classic Hellenic-style. He built a big, intimidating Supreme Court, with the hope that people would think twice before disrespecting Macedonia.
He did this to repair the nation’s pride, and restore the country’s position.
Gruevski not only erected buildings, but also stoked the public imagination to dream: “What if Alexander was my uncle? What if he was my cousin?”
But Gruevski didn’t realise that he wouldn’t get the support of the EU, which instead backed their EU member state Greece, who also claim the hero has their own, and that he won’t be able to present this new dream to foreign tourists. Every new historical monument he built provoked Greece to block our entry into the European Union.
Peace
Prime Minister Zoran Zaev of the Republic of Macedonia, and Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras of the Republic of Greece have finally began the process of normalising the climate between the two countries.
After a long, dark period of populistic right-wing parties in power in both countries, these two leaders of left-wing parties had a lot of handshakes and hugs at every public opportunity, and even exchanged ties as a symbolic gesture of friendship.
After all this, I felt that our two prime ministers finally had a bond of which Alexander would be proud, they’re both strong, young leaders (both are aged 44).
The result of the referendum means that Republic of Macedonia will add the word “North” to its name, and so will become the North Republic of Macedonia; not exclusively Macedonia, but just one part of the three, divided at the beginning of the century.
This is the most accurate way of describing that piece of land. The opposition argued that we would lose our identity as Macedonians; but they failed to realise that Macedonians are so mixed, ethnically and genetically, that the Italians call their mixed fruit salad “Macedonian”. It’s a mix of everything.
I want this addition to our country’s name to mean that the past is over. Our next generation will not even know where the border is, it will blend in so much; and that’s only possible with the EU.
If Macedonia joins the EU, and gets military support from Nato, political stability will strengthen. Foreign investors will be happier to build factories, knowing that these investment won’t be risked by potential civil wars.
With Macedonia in the EU, Greece won’t have to fear that Macedonia will have ambitions over their “Macedonian” province, and Macedonians can feel that Macedonia is finally together, with no border between the three parts, and all will fall into place.
I’d like the “North” to be the solution for Greeks and Macedonians to feel that they are from the EU, with no borders: just as Alexander would have wanted.
Sasko Lazarov is a photographer with RollingNews.ie
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An independent, sovereign nation should supersede a province of another country. They should keep it the Republic of Macedonia and the Greeks call theirs the Macedonian Province, bit ridiculous of the Greeks to get their knickers in a twist all of a sudden.
I really don’t get where the Greeks are coming from with this name change business. I thought the Greeks wanted the Macedonians to call the place something completely different, like renaming it Narnia or something because if the Greeks are worried about Macedonians to the north eyeing up their territory (the south) then how is changing the name to North Macedonia going to change all that? A north implies there must be a south like North Vietnam and look what happened there.
The reasoning for the authors wish to change the name of his own country that by doing so the obstacles to joining EU and NATO will be removed and thus honey and milk will start flowing and everyone will have a sudden miraculous salary of 1000 euro a month (It’s a big sum for Macedonia where average is about 250) is utter b*llocks. Every change in the constitution or the law in 1994, 2001, 2008 has been forced down under the pretext that joining EU and NATO will happen as soon as those changes are done, but it never happened. So it will not happen now and therefore lying and forcing someone to change their name is rather tyrannical and fascist from both Greece and the EU.
@Goran Josifov: I have lived and worked in Macedonia (and all the other ex-Yugoslavia countries). The EU is the biggest fascist in the region and the largest spreader of corruption.
I am a Macedonian and I don’t agree with you. From a young age I remember my great grandfather talking about how he fought for Macedonia – and no other country. I’m sick of people thinking they can tell us what we should call ourselves – we’ve been calling ourselves Macedonians for a LONG time. Thankfully there’s still people willing to fight for the Macedonian identity, even if it is risking them their jobs. The government refused to let the diaspora (people like me now living abroad) vote – I guess they knew we’d all hate it. When we tried to register it wouldn’t work and this was the experience of everyone I know. They really wanted to force this one through.
Nor do the vast majority of our population agree with you since the referendum fell through and many people protested by refusing to vote. (And I know many people who were forced to vote in favour for this name due to being threatened by the government and told they would be sacked – utterly unacceptable and unethical).
North Macedonia implies a South Macedonia and that has more territorial intentions implied in the name. Also Zaev is generally a tool and has sold out his country at every opportunity – he’s not doing what’s best for our country, but what he’s been bribed to do. He’s a TERRIBLE prime minister and an absolute sell out and disgrace for his country.
I have nothing against Greece but what they have is a small Macedonian province now. The Hellenic Macedonia was a long time ago – the Slavic peoples moved into the Macedonian region and that’s how and why we have our own Macedonia. I don’t agree with the Hellenic aspects/history being appropriated/stolen by my people – that’s wrong and I reject the Macedonians who try to claim these aspects. Macedonia is a land which is now over several countries – Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and Greece. But you can’t change the fact that that’s what the land is called. We have our own culture and history.
@World Citizen: I also thought that this guy’s historical knowledge is somewhat lacking. I understand the bit about the collapse after the split of Yugoslavia and the need to recover the nation’s self esteem, but the biggest statue of Alexander the Great? Mind you, I am Bulgarian and claims that Macedonian kings ruled Bulgaria in the middle ages get made regularly ( a bit like claiming queen Victoria was Irish because she ruled Ireland). Can we just stop with the silly historical claims and get on with being good neighbours?
@World Citizen: Agreed there. It’s a bit like asking Italians to rename Tuscany on the basis that the Etruscan civilisation no longer exists.
Very interesting article giving us a chance to understand what is involved. Anytime leaders can deescalate fraught borders they should be congratulated – up to them to find whatever formula works and not for us..
Best wishes to all Macedonians, north, Greek, irish resident etc
Fyrom is in no way a successor state to Alexander the Great. Alexander was Greek not Ottoman Turk.
@dublincomments: yea clinging to old Alex is as weird as someone claiming to be a descendant of Cu Culan
Really puts Brexit in perspective, all this for a name. What a waste of energy that makes the Nordies look reasonable
Was Tito a mighty man
Interesting article. BTW on a side note if anyone wants to see a great Macedonian film check out Before the Rain.
It’s curious for someone from the Americas like me to read about these disputies. Back there, we all come from somewhere else and are result for a mix: Patriotism is not based on ethnicity but purely on the place we happened to be born.
Macedonia seems to be an example of a region from the Americas (saving distances, of course) in the sense that it is a region with a cultural and ethnical “melting pot”.
I think that anyone born in this region has the legitimate right to call themselves Macedonians: Whatever side of the border they fall on, be them Slavic, Greek, Albanian or Arromanian, and whatever language they speak.
It is not a trademark that an exclusive group has the right on.
The moment that people start to understand that no one ethnical group is upon the other and act as brethren who share their love for their land, tensions will disappear.
To all the nationalists out there whose blood pressure rises when they see or hear the term ‘British Isles’, please take note of how stupid this is.
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