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LONG TERM EXPOSURE to even low levels of air pollution increases the risk of lung cancer, according to a new Europe-wide study of over 300 thousand people published this morning in medical journal The Lancet Oncology.
Data from nine countries – from Britain to Greece – was analysed as part of the research, which assessed the impact of long-term exposure to pollution from sources like traffic fumes, industry and domestic heating.
Researchers estimated the concentration of pollution at the homes of those taking part, and then applied models to separate the influence of pollutants from other factors like smoking, diet and occupation. Over 2,000 people developed lung cancer during 13 years of follow up study.
The analysis found that for every rise of five micrograms per cubic metre in smaller air particles, the risk of lung cancer rose by 18 per cent, with the risk rising again in relation to higher pollution levels.
“At this stage, we might have to add air pollution, even at current concentrations, to the list of causes of lung cancer and recognise that air pollution has large effects on public health,” researcher Takashi Yorifuji of Okayama University in Japan warned. According to the authors:
The association between particulate matter air pollution and the risk for lung cancer persisted also at concentrations below the existing European Union air quality limit values.
The study’s authors said there was “no threshold below which there was no risk”, with the results showing a picture that “the more the worse, the less the better”.
Active smoking remains the main cause of lung cancer, with exposure to residential radon, and second-hand tobacco smoke also well established risk factors.
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To be fair with whats happening to Bradley Manning America have to look in the mirror before giving out to North Korea.
Manning gave away state secrets which he was under contractual agreement not to give out. No matter how you try to spin it, this is a case of apples and oranges.
Or apples and underpants as a friend of mine likes to say.
Manning is a whistle blower. He revealed that US military murdered civilians, including journalists, as well as first responders. Is that how whistle blowers should be treated in Ireland Jason?
Petr. Did Manning sign the Official Secrets Act? I believe he did.
Did he know that giving those documents to Wikileaks would have consequences? Yes he did.
Knowing that he would have to pay a price for sending those documents he did it anyway. So now he is reaping what he sowed. Nobody made him do it. He chose his own fate.
Are you bothered about the two Reuters journalist that were murdered by the US army? Do you think Bradley Manning was wrong or right to expose that?
Did they was/is it official policy to target journalists or was it accidental. As happens sometimes soldiers can kill members of their own side by mistake. Known as Blue on Blue.
Unless you’ve been on another planet you’ll have seen the Wikileaks Collateral Murder video bravely leaked by Manning. I’ll let you judge for yourself!
After watching the video. I could find mo fault with the pilots actions. They engaged armed men in a hostile environment. Then a black van not an ambulance arrived and started to pick up the weapons and the wounded. At no time were the Journalists identifiable. They were standing with armed men. The video also takes pains to point out children in the van. All well and good when you have time to sit and calmly analyse the video. A little different when you are in a helicopter trying to watch everything around you.
Whistle blower or not, he signed an agreement stating he wouldn’t reveal secrets and he did it anyway. While I admire the courage it took to do it he knew exactly what the consequences were.
NK is just an ignored ego..they havent the guts to jail an american..its all show..if they really wanted to attack they would have done it by now..bunch of eejits
It goes both ways. You don’t see the US rushing to attack the North Korean’s who actually have nuclear capabilities and threaten to nuke the South all the time.
They couldn’t handle a war with the US, and the US just can’t handle or afford a war either now.
North Korea is best Korea.
:@ Stodge Go and live there if you like it so much there is an excellent expat community there where you can even get batch loaf , thick cut !!! just like you
North Korea is a real nightmare.I just read a book called Escape from Camp 14 . Worth a read.
I don’t see any problem,he broke the laws of the country and admitted it so he should take his punishment,
Kim-Jong-Un’s private news agency said today that the Dalai Lama admits to being the anti-Christ.
N. Korean astronomers have anounced that the Moon is, in fact made out of cheese.
It was in fact Kim-Jong-il who first set foot on the Moon, but this fact was overlooked by American bastard men.
Hans Brrrix, – what you tink now…
Denise, do you really want to say that? Who is this person? What exactly did the person do?
To speak out against North Korea is against their law and you will be locked up.
There are unjust laws. North Korea is full of them.
Denise. He took photos of starving children. Is that espionage?
Denise, I just saw you comment in another thread where you said not believe what the Americans say. And yet you believe what the Norks say? Don’t get me wrong, I’m not a big fan of the US government, but compared to the Norks…
Who knows what he was getting up to or who he works for? Nobody here, yet people are prepared to give him the benefit of the doubt. I see no reason to myself..
Petr. Do you know that he was working for a foreign agency? Or could it be that a) he is American and b) he took photos of starving children and published them?
Petr, that’s because you believe in guilty till proven innocent.
Strange that you feel no problem defending manning but you condemn this person in North Korea and you probably don’t even know his name.
Once again I question your judgement.
Btw have the North Koreans killed any of their own citizens.
I told you already that you defend dictators. In this case it’s the North Korean one.
Declan — Show me where I’ve condemned this American man, and then show me where I’ve defended a dictator. If you can’t — and you can’t because I did neither — have the decency to apologise.
Petr. Do you know that he was working for a foreign agency?
I believe he easy a tour guide just like he said he was and took pictures of starving kids the the North Koreans didn’t like. But he was foolish to return after they were published. He should have know they wouldn’t have liked it.
Petr, you don’t even know his name and what he is has been charged with. No way you’ll get a apology from me.
Btw if a North Korean soldier did what manning did he would have been executed along with his family.
You would be silent about that
Declan — Show me where I’ve condemned this American man, and then show me where I’ve defended a dictator.
Ask yourself, why are you talking sh!t? Why do you need to tell lies about me?
Petr, look at your original comment. You said yourself that he was up to no good and that you won’t give him the benefit of doubt.
What is the evidence against this guy?
I’m throwing your words back at you.
Homer Simpson , what you doing now man……
N Korea, a Shinner’s dream.
Well done on finding a SF angle, Patrick! :)
I’m defo.voting them in now. I’ve noticed how frightened greedy people are of sf. He he
Has anyone seen Denis Rodman lately?
The Dalai Lama is an American stooge you never hear him condeming injustice about all the middle eastern people held for years without trial in that famous US jail.
That famous US jail that you don’t know the name of?
That would be Guantanimo.
And the Dalai Lama doesn’t speak out on ANYONE’S prison/judicial system.
Well said, Denise. The DL is no saint. Bloody Western media darling and CIA collaborator.
Is there any evidence to suggest that the Dali Lama is in cahoots with the American government?
Petr. Please explain how the Dalai Lama is a “CIA collaborator” as you put it. What has he done to get you to call him that?
@ben Evidence? Are you mad? :D
You’re right, I suppose that would be too much to ask for.
Oh shucks.
So his organization got money 50 years ago in the middle of the Cold War and only 10 years after the Chinese invasion of his country. Well isn’t that strange.
I was asked for evidence that he collaborated with the CIA and I provided it. Jeez, you can’t win with some people.
Mick- I agree with your defence of the Dalai Lama. I don’t care who funds his treks, so long as his good word and contagiously jolly soul continues to inspire.
However, I’m saddened a little, as I like you best when you’re more fiery, defending of (im)mortal combat and game on for a virtual battle in here.
Did he receive the money personally or did the Free Tibet movement? If you read your own link it specificly says it was the organization. He received no money from the CIA.
Mick (Mr. CIS) — I’m embarrassed for you. The CIA link is common knowledge. I’m surprised you were unaware of it. That said, I’m not surprised you’re clutching at straws now, trying to wriggle your way out of it.
lol
Petr, what is the Dalai Lama guilty of now? He has been in exile since the 50′s. Who are the Tibetan people up against? The Chinese. So now you support the Chinese with regards to Tibet?!
Petr, a few weeks ago the Dalai Lama took part in a peace walk in Derry. Maybe you should tell the people of Derry that he’s in cahoots with the CIA.
Btw, the Dalai Lama has visited middlebury college in Vermont along with other liberal arts colleges. Liberals love him and they are suspicious of the CIA so there is a contradiction in what your saying.
Petr, I just looked it up and it says that the Dalai lama turned down the CIA and the CIA sent in assistance without his knowledge.
The CIA were countering communist china in Tibet. I thought that you were all about freedom?
Now your silent on chinas actions in Tibet.
I know some Tibetans in this town and they all grew up in exile in India.
You are a “moral outrage”. Those are 2 words you used towards me.
Where do you stand on the rights of people worldwide?
Francie, Can you tell me who funds the Dalai Lama for going around the world talking rubbish.
Priceless. You have a problem with the Dalai Lama. A man that only ever talks about peace.
But ooh wait maybe he works for the CIA/NWO. Could it be!!!
People around the world donate money to the Tibetan cause. And out of that he will get living and traveling expenses.
What’s your problem with the Dalai Lama exactly? Likes peace too much? Santa Claus is a serial trespasser too I suppose
I hear Ghandi was a drunk.
Denise, Tá tú ag caint as do sátán a chailín.
Peace, Love, compassion, = rubbish…??
Do you prefer power-crazed morons like Kim-Jong-Un…??
Denise, he has spoken at a liberal arts college here in Vermont. Hardly a bastion of CIA values. When he speaks at these events and in this case the college pays for him to speak. They also provide accommodation for him. It’s the same wherever he goes. Private individuals, groups or whatever fund his trips and pay to hear him speak.
He is on a speaking circuit.
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